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Normal numbers and subsets of N with given densities

Haseo Ki; Tom Linton

Fundamenta Mathematicae (1994)

  • Volume: 144, Issue: 2, page 163-179
  • ISSN: 0016-2736

Abstract

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For X ⊆ [0,1], let D X denote the collection of subsets of ℕ whose densities lie in X. Given the exact location of X in the Borel or difference hierarchy, we exhibit the exact location of D X . For α ≥ 3, X is properly D ξ ( Π α 0 ) iff D X is properly D ξ ( Π 1 + α 0 ) . We also show that for every nonempty set X ⊆[0,1], D X is Π 3 0 -hard. For each nonempty Π 2 0 set X ⊆ [0,1], in particular for X = x, D X is Π 3 0 -complete. For each n ≥ 2, the collection of real numbers that are normal or simply normal to base n is Π 3 0 -complete. Moreover, D ℚ , the subsets of ℕ with rational densities, is D 2 ( Π 3 0 ) -complete.

How to cite

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Ki, Haseo, and Linton, Tom. "Normal numbers and subsets of N with given densities." Fundamenta Mathematicae 144.2 (1994): 163-179. <http://eudml.org/doc/212021>.

@article{Ki1994,
abstract = {For X ⊆ [0,1], let $D_X$ denote the collection of subsets of ℕ whose densities lie in X. Given the exact location of X in the Borel or difference hierarchy, we exhibit the exact location of $D_X$. For α ≥ 3, X is properly $D_ξ(Π^0_α)$ iff $D_X$ is properly $D_ξ(Π^0_\{1+α\})$. We also show that for every nonempty set X ⊆[0,1], $D_X$ is $Π^0_3$-hard. For each nonempty $Π^0_2$ set X ⊆ [0,1], in particular for X = x, $D_X$ is $Π^0_3$-complete. For each n ≥ 2, the collection of real numbers that are normal or simply normal to base n is $Π^0_3$-complete. Moreover, $D_ℚ$, the subsets of ℕ with rational densities, is $D_2(Π^0_3)$-complete.},
author = {Ki, Haseo, Linton, Tom},
journal = {Fundamenta Mathematicae},
keywords = {Borel hierarchy; Borel class; densities},
language = {eng},
number = {2},
pages = {163-179},
title = {Normal numbers and subsets of N with given densities},
url = {http://eudml.org/doc/212021},
volume = {144},
year = {1994},
}

TY - JOUR
AU - Ki, Haseo
AU - Linton, Tom
TI - Normal numbers and subsets of N with given densities
JO - Fundamenta Mathematicae
PY - 1994
VL - 144
IS - 2
SP - 163
EP - 179
AB - For X ⊆ [0,1], let $D_X$ denote the collection of subsets of ℕ whose densities lie in X. Given the exact location of X in the Borel or difference hierarchy, we exhibit the exact location of $D_X$. For α ≥ 3, X is properly $D_ξ(Π^0_α)$ iff $D_X$ is properly $D_ξ(Π^0_{1+α})$. We also show that for every nonempty set X ⊆[0,1], $D_X$ is $Π^0_3$-hard. For each nonempty $Π^0_2$ set X ⊆ [0,1], in particular for X = x, $D_X$ is $Π^0_3$-complete. For each n ≥ 2, the collection of real numbers that are normal or simply normal to base n is $Π^0_3$-complete. Moreover, $D_ℚ$, the subsets of ℕ with rational densities, is $D_2(Π^0_3)$-complete.
LA - eng
KW - Borel hierarchy; Borel class; densities
UR - http://eudml.org/doc/212021
ER -

References

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  1. [1] L. Kuipers and H. Niederreiter, Uniform Distribution of Sequences, Wiley, New York, 1974. Zbl0281.10001
  2. [2] A. Louveau and J. Saint-Raymond, Borel classes and closed games: Wadge-type and Hurewicz-type results, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 304 (1987), 431-467. Zbl0655.04001
  3. [3] D. A. Martin, Borel determinacy, Ann. of Math. (2) 102 (1975), 363-371. 
  4. [4] D. E. Miller, The invariant Π α 0 separation principle, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 242 (1978), 185-204. 
  5. [5] I. Niven, Irrational Numbers, The Carus Math. Monographs 11, Math. Assoc. America, Quinn and Boden, Rahway, N.J., 1956. 
  6. [6] W. Schmidt, On normal numbers, Pacific J. Math. 10 (1960), 661-672. Zbl0093.05401
  7. [7] W. Wadge, Degrees of complexity of subsets of the Baire space, Notices Amer. Math. Soc. 19 (1972), A-714-A-715 (abstract 72T-E91). 

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