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Consider the Newtonian potential of a homogeneous bounded body D ⊂ ℝ³ with known constant density and connected complement. If this potential equals c/|x| in a neighborhood of infinity, where c>0 is a constant, then the body is a ball. This known result is now proved by a different simple method. The method can be applied to other problems.

A simple proof is given of a basic surjectivity result for monotone operators. The proof is based on the dynamical systems method (DSM).

Various versions of the Dynamical Systems Method (DSM) are proposed for solving linear ill-posed problems with bounded and unbounded operators. Convergence of the proposed methods is proved. Some new results concerning the discrepancy principle for choosing the regularization parameter are obtained.

Let ${\ell }_j:=-d²/dx²+k²q_j\left(x\right)$, k = const > 0, j = 1,2, $0<essinf{q}_j\left(x\right)\le esssup{q}_j\left(x\right)<\infty$. Suppose that (*) ${\int }_0^{1}p\left(x\right)u₁(x,k)u₂(x,k)dx=0$ for all k > 0, where p is an arbitrary fixed bounded piecewise-analytic function on [0,1], which changes sign finitely many times, and $u_j$ solves the problem ${\ell }_j{u}_j=0$, 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, $u_j^{\text{'}}(0,k)=0$, $u_j(0,k)=1$. It is proved that (*) implies p = 0. This result is applied to an inverse problem for a heat equation.

It is proved that one can choose a control function on an arbitrarilly small open subset of the boundary of an obstacle so that the total radiation from this obstacle for a fixed direction of the incident plane wave and for a fixed wave number will be as small as one wishes. The obstacle is called "invisible" in this case.

A class of infinite-dimensional dissipative dynamical systems is defined for which there exists a unique equilibrium point, and the rate of convergence to this point of the trajectories of a dynamical system from the above class is exponential. All the trajectories of the system converge to this point as t → +∞, no matter what the initial conditions are. This class consists of strongly dissipative systems. An example of such systems is provided by passive systems in network theory (see, e.g., MR0601947...

The main results of this paper are: 1) a proof that a necessary condition for 1 to be an eigenvalue of the S-matrix is real analyticity of the boundary of the obstacle, 2) a short proof that if 1 is an eigenvalue of the S-matrix, then k² is an eigenvalue of the Laplacian of the interior problem, and that in this case there exists a solution to the interior Dirichlet problem for the Laplacian, which admits an analytic continuation to the whole space ℝ³ as an entire function.

A version of the dynamical systems method (DSM) for solving ill-conditioned linear algebraic systems is studied. An a priori and an a posteriori stopping rules are justified. An iterative scheme is constructed for solving ill-conditioned linear algebraic systems.

Some symmetry problems are formulated and solved. New simple proofs are given for some symmetry problems studied earlier. One of the results is as follows: if a single-layer potential of a surface, homeomorphic to a sphere, with a constant charge density, is equal to c/|x| for all sufficiently large |x|, where c > 0 is a constant, then the surface is a sphere.