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We study smoothness spaces generated by maximal functions related to the local approximation errors of integral operators. It turns out that in certain cases these smoothness classes coincide with the spaces $C_p^{\alpha }\left({ℝ}^d\right)$, 0 < p≤∞, introduced by DeVore and Sharpley [DS] by means of the so-called sharp maximal functions of Calderón and Scott. As an application we characterize the $C_p^{\alpha }\left({ℝ}^d\right)$ spaces in terms of the coefficients of wavelet decompositions.

Let $\Theta :={\theta }_I^e:e\in E,I\in D$ be a decomposition system for $L₂\left({ℝ}^d\right)$ indexed over D, the set of dyadic cubes in ${ℝ}^d$, and a finite set E, and let $\Theta ̃:=\Theta {̃}_I^e:e\in E,I\in D$ be the corresponding dual functionals. That is, for every $f\in L₂\left({ℝ}^d\right)$, $f={\sum }_{e\in E}{\sum }_{I\in D}⟨f,\Theta {̃}_I^e⟩{\theta }_I^e$. We study sufficient conditions on Θ,Θ̃ so that they constitute a decomposition system for Triebel-Lizorkin and Besov spaces. Moreover, these conditions allow us to characterize the membership of a distribution f in these spaces by the size of the coefficients $⟨f,\Theta {̃}_I^e⟩$, e ∈ E, I ∈ D. Typical examples of such decomposition systems...

A small perturbation method is developed and employed to construct frames with compactly supported elements of small shrinking support for Besov and Triebel-Lizorkin spaces in the general setting of a doubling metric measure space in the presence of a nonnegative self-adjoint operator whose heat kernel has Gaussian localization and the Markov property. This allows one, in particular, to construct compactly supported frames for Besov and Triebel-Lizorkin spaces on the sphere, on the interval with...