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The asymptotic properties of solutions of the equation $u^{\text{'}\text{'}\text{'}}\left(t\right)=p_1\left(t\right)u\left({\tau }_1\left(t\right)\right)+p_2\left(t\right)u^{\text{'}}\left({\tau }_2\left(t\right)\right)$, are investigated where $p_i:[a,+\infty [\to R(i=1,2)$ are locally summable functions, ${\tau }_i:[a,+\infty [\to R(i=1,2)$ measurable ones and ${\tau }_i\left(t\right)\ge t(i=1,2)$. In particular, it is proved that if $p_1\left(t\right)\le 0$, $p_2^2\left(t\right)\le \alpha \left(t\right)\left|p_1\left(t\right)\right|$, $${\int }_a^{+\infty }{[{\tau }_1\left(t\right)-t]}^2{p}_1\left(t\right)dt<+\infty \text{and}{\int }_a^{+\infty }\alpha \left(t\right)dt<+\infty ,$$ then each solution with the first derivative vanishing at infinity is of the Kneser type and a set of all such solutions forms a one-dimensional linear space.

This paper deals with the system of functional-differential equations $$\frac{dx\left(t\right)}{dt}=p\left(x\right)\left(t\right)+q\left(t\right),$$ where $p:C_{\omega }\left(R^n\right)\to L_{\omega }\left(R^n\right)$ is a linear bounded operator, $q\in L_{\omega }\left(R^n\right)$, $\omega >0$ and $C_{\omega }\left(R^n\right)$ and $L_{\omega }\left(R^n\right)$ are spaces of $n$-dimensional $\omega$-periodic vector functions with continuous and integrable on $[0,\omega ]$ components, respectively. Conditions which guarantee the existence of a unique $\omega$-periodic solution and continuous dependence of that solution on the right hand side of the system considered are established.

For the differential equation $$u^{\left(n\right)}\left(t\right)=f(t,u\left({\tau }_1\left(t\right)\right),\cdots ,u^{(n-1)}\left({\tau }_n\left(t\right)\right)),$$ where the vector function $f:]a,b[\times R^{kn}\to R^k$ has nonintegrable singularities with respect to the first argument, sufficient conditions for existence and uniqueness of the Vallée–Poussin problem are established.