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An arithmetic formula of Liouville

Erin McAfeeKenneth S. Williams — 2006

Journal de Théorie des Nombres de Bordeaux

An elementary proof is given of an arithmetic formula, which was stated but not proved by Liouville. An application of this formula yields a formula for the number of representations of a positive integer as the sum of twelve triangular numbers.

A diophantine system of Dickson

Philip A. LeonardKenneth S. Williams — 1974

Atti della Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei. Classe di Scienze Fisiche, Matematiche e Naturali. Rendiconti

Nei problemi di ciclotomia interessa conoscere il numero delle soluzioni della congruenza x l + y l + 1 = 0 ( mod p = e f + 1 ), p dispari. Il caso e = 5 fu trattato completamente da L. E. Dickson; gli Autori trattano ora il caso e = 7.

The conductor of a cyclic quartic field using Gauss sums

Blair K. SpearmanKenneth S. Williams — 1997

Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal

Let Q denote the field of rational numbers. Let K be a cyclic quartic extension of Q . It is known that there are unique integers A , B , C , D such that K = Q A ( D + B D ) , where A is squarefree and odd , D = B 2 + C 2 is squarefree , B > 0 , C > 0 , G C D ( A , D ) = 1 . The conductor f ( K ) of K is f ( K ) = 2 l | A | D , where l = 3 , if D 2 ( mod 4 ) or D 1 ( mod 4 ) , B 1 ( mod 2 ) , 2 , if D 1 ( mod 4 ) , B 0 ( mod 2 ) , A + B 3 ( mod 4 ) , 0 , if D 1 ( mod 4 ) , B 0 ( mod 2 ) , A + B 1 ( mod 4 ) . A simple proof of this formula for f ( K ) is given, which uses the basic properties of quartic Gauss sums.

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