Liouville type results for periodic and almost periodic linear operators
On the principal eigenvalue of elliptic operators in and applications
Two generalizations of the notion of principal eigenvalue for elliptic operators in are examined in this paper. We prove several results comparing these two eigenvalues in various settings: general operators in dimension one; self-adjoint operators; and “limit periodic” operators. These results apply to questions of existence and uniqueness for some semilinear problems in the whole space. We also indicate several outstanding open problems and formulate some conjectures.
Speed-up of reaction-diffusion fronts by a line of fast diffusion
In these notes, we discuss a new model, proposed by H. Berestycki, J.-M. Roquejoffre and L. Rossi, to describe biological invasions in the plane when a strong diffusion takes place on a line. This model seems relevant to account for the effects of roads on the spreading of invasive species. In what follows, the diffusion on the line will either be modelled by the Laplacian operator, or the fractional Laplacian of order less than 1. Of interest to us is the asymptotic speed of spreading in the direction...
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