Time-delay interferometry.
Theory of spacecraft Doppler tracking
We present a review of the spacecraft Doppler tracking technique used in broad band searches for gravitational waves in the millihertz frequency band. After deriving the transfer functions of a gravitational wave pulse and of the noise sources entering into the Doppler observable, we summarize the upper limits for the amplitudes of gravitational wave bursts, continuous, and of a stochastic background estimated by Doppler tracking experiments.
A xylophone detector in space
We discuss spacecraft Doppler tracking for detecting gravitational waves in which Doppler data recorded on the ground are linearly combined with Doppler measurements made on board a spacecraft. By using the four-link radio system first proposed by Vessot and Levine [1] we derive a new method for removing from the combined data the frequency fluctuations due to the Earth troposphere, ionosphere, and mechanical vibrations of the antenna on the ground. This method also reduces the frequency fluctuations...
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