In the present paper, we will show that the set of minimal elements of a full affine semigroup $A\hookrightarrow {\mathbb{N}}_0^k$ contains a free basis of the group generated by $A$ in ${\mathbb{Z}}^k$. This will be applied to the study of the group ${\text{K}}_0\left(R\right)$ for a semilocal ring $R$.

We first prove that every countably presented module is a pure epimorphic image of a countably generated pure-projective module, and by using this we prove that if every countably generated pure-projective module is pure-injective then every module is pure-injective, while if in any countably generated pure-projective module every countably generated pure-projective pure submodule is a direct summand then every module is pure-projective.

A class of stratified posets $I{*}_{\varrho }$ is investigated and their incidence algebras $KI{*}_{\varrho }$ are studied in connection with a class of non-shurian vector space categories. Under some assumptions on $I{*}_{\varrho }$ we associate with $I{*}_{\varrho }$ a bound quiver (Q, Ω) in such a way that $KI{*}_{\varrho }\simeq K(Q,\Omega )$. We show that the fundamental group of (Q, Ω) is the free group with two free generators if $I{*}_{\varrho }$ is rib-convex. In this case the universal Galois covering of (Q, Ω) is described. If in addition $I_{\varrho }$ is three-partite a fundamental domain $I^{*+\times }$ of this covering is...

We characterize semiperfect modules, semiperfect rings, and perfect rings using locally projective covers and generalized locally projective covers, where locally projective modules were introduced by Zimmermann-Huisgen and generalized locally projective covers are adapted from Azumaya’s generalized projective covers.

Let $R$ be a ring. A subclass $𝒯$ of left $R$-modules is called a weak torsion class if it is closed under homomorphic images and extensions. Let $𝒯$ be a weak torsion class of left $R$-modules and $n$ a positive integer. Then a left $R$-module $M$ is called $𝒯$-finitely generated if there exists a finitely generated submodule $N$ such that $M/N\in 𝒯$; a left $R$-module $A$ is called $(𝒯,n)$-presented if there exists an exact sequence of left $R$-modules $$0⟶K_{n-1}⟶F_{n-1}⟶\cdots ⟶F_1⟶F_0⟶M⟶0$$ such that $F_0,\cdots ,F_{n-1}$ are finitely generated free and $K_{n-1}$ is $𝒯$-finitely generated; a left $R$-module...

Let $R⋉M$ be a trivial extension of a ring $R$ by an $R$-$R$-bimodule $M$ such that $M_R$, ${}_{R}M$, ${(R,0)}_{R⋉M}$ and ${}_{R⋉M}(R,0)$ have finite flat dimensions. We prove that $(X,\alpha )$ is a Ding projective left $R⋉M$-module if and only if the sequence $M{\otimes }_{R}M{\otimes }_{R}X\stackrel{M\otimes \alpha }{⟶}M{\otimes }_{R}X\stackrel{\alpha }{\to }X$ is exact and $\mathrm{coker}\left(\alpha \right)$ is a Ding projective left $R$-module. Analogously, we explicitly describe Ding injective $R⋉M$-modules. As applications, we characterize Ding projective and Ding injective modules over Morita context rings with zero bimodule homomorphisms.

We investigate when the direct sum of semi-projective modules is semi-projective. It is proved that if R is a right Ore domain with right quotient division ring Q ≠ R and X is a free right R-module then the right R-module Q ⊕ X is semi-projective if and only if there does not exist an R-epimorphism from X to Q.