In this article we describe properties of unbounded operators related to evolutionary problems. It is a survey article which also contains several new results. For instance we give a characterization of cosine functions in terms of mild well-posedness of the Cauchy problem of order 2, and we show that the property of having a bounded $H^{\infty }$-calculus is stable under rank-1 perturbations whereas the property of being associated with a closed form and the property of generating a cosine function are not....

By using the theory of strongly continuous cosine families and the properties of completely continuous maps, we study the existence of mild, strong, classical and asymptotically almost periodic solutions for a functional second order abstract Cauchy problem with nonlocal conditions.

It will be proved that if $N$ is a bounded nilpotent operator on a Banach space $X$ of order $k+1$, where $k\ge 1$ is an integer, then the $\gamma$-th order Cesàro mean $C_t^{\gamma }:=\gamma t^{-\gamma }{\int }_0^t{(t-s)}^{\gamma -1}T\left(s\right)ds$ and Abel mean $A_{\lambda }:=\lambda {\int }_0^{\infty }{e}^{-\lambda s}T\left(s\right)ds$ of the uniformly continuous semigroup ${\left(T\left(t\right)\right)}_{t\ge 0}$ of bounded linear operators on $X$ generated by $iaI+N$, where $0\ne a\in ℝ$, satisfy that (a) $\parallel C_t^{\gamma }\parallel \sim t^{k-\gamma }(t\to \infty )$ for all $0<\gamma \le k+1$; (b) $\parallel C_t^{\gamma }\parallel \sim t^{-1}(t\to \infty )$ for all $\gamma \ge k+1$; (c) $\parallel A_{\lambda }\parallel \sim \lambda (\lambda \downarrow 0)$. A similar result will be also proved for the uniformly continuous cosine function ${\left(C\left(t\right)\right)}_{t\ge 0}$ of bounded linear operators on $X$ generated by ${(iaI+N)}^2$.

We show that if the set of all bounded strongly continuous cosine families on a Banach space X is treated as a metric space under the metric of the uniform convergence associated with the operator norm on the space 𝓛(X) of all bounded linear operators on X, then the isolated points of this set are precisely the scalar cosine families. By definition, a scalar cosine family is a cosine family whose members are all scalar multiples of the identity operator. We also show that if the sets of all bounded...

In this paper we show that from an estimate of the form $su{p}_{t\ge 0}\left|\right|C\left(t\right)-cos\left(at\right)I\left|\right|<1$, we can conclude that C(t) equals cos(at)I. Here ${\left(C\left(t\right)\right)}_{t\ge 0}$ is a strongly continuous cosine family on a Banach space.

We introduce the notion of a local n-times integrated C-semigroup, which unifies the classes of local C-semigroups, local integrated semigroups and local C-cosine functions. We then study its relations to the C-wellposedness of the (n + 1)-times integrated Cauchy problem and second order abstract Cauchy problem. Finally, a generation theorem for local n-times integrated C-semigroups is given.

We consider some non-autonomous second order Cauchy problems of the form ü + B(t)u̇ + A(t)u = f(t ∈ [0,T]), u(0) = u̇(0) = 0. We assume that the first order problem u̇ + B(t)u = f(t ∈ [0,T]), u(0) = 0, has $L^p$-maximal regularity. Then we establish $L^p$-maximal regularity of the second order problem in situations when the domains of B(t₁) and A(t₂) always coincide, or when A(t) = κB(t).

The aim of the present paper is to investigate the global existence of mild solutions of nonlinear mixed Volterra-Fredholm integrodifferential equations, with nonlocal condition. Our analysis is based on an application of the Leray-Schauder alternative and rely on a priori bounds of solutions.

If A generates a bounded cosine function on a Banach space X then the negative square root B of A generates a holomorphic semigroup, and this semigroup is the conjugate potential transform of the cosine function. This connection is studied in detail, and it is used for a characterization of cosine function generators in terms of growth conditions on the semigroup generated by B. The characterization relies on new results on the inversion of the vector-valued conjugate potential transform.

We are concerned with a relation between parabolicity and coerciveness in Besov spaces for a higher order linear evolution equation in a Banach space. As proved in a preceding work, a higher order linear evolution equation enjoys coerciveness in Besov spaces under a certain parabolicity condition adopted and studied by several authors. We show that for a higher order linear evolution equation coerciveness in Besov spaces forces the parabolicity of the equation. We thus conclude that parabolicity...

A two-sided sequence ${\left(cₙ\right)}_{n\in \mathbb{Z}}$ with values in a complex unital Banach algebra is a cosine sequence if it satisfies $c_{n+m}+c_{n-m}=2cₙcₘ$ for any n,m ∈ ℤ with c₀ equal to the unity of the algebra. A cosine sequence ${\left(cₙ\right)}_{n\in \mathbb{Z}}$ is bounded if $su{p}_{n\in \mathbb{Z}}\left|\right|cₙ\left|\right|<\infty$. A (bounded) group decomposition for a cosine sequence $c={\left(cₙ\right)}_{n\in \mathbb{Z}}$ is a representation of c as $cₙ=(bⁿ+b^{-n})/2$ for every n ∈ ℤ, where b is an invertible element of the algebra (satisfying $su{p}_{n\in \mathbb{Z}}\left|\right|bⁿ\left|\right|<\infty$, respectively). It is known that every bounded cosine sequence possesses a universally defined group decomposition, here referred...