The well-known Chvátal-Erdős theorem states that if the stability number α of a graph G is not greater than its connectivity then G is hamiltonian. In 1974 Erdős showed that if, additionally, the order of the graph is sufficiently large with respect to α, then G is pancyclic. His proof is based on the properties of cycle-complete graph Ramsey numbers. In this paper we show that a similar result can be easily proved by applying only classical Ramsey numbers.

The Chvátal-Erdös theorems imply that if G is a graph of order n ≥ 3 with κ(G) ≥ α(G), then G is hamiltonian, and if κ(G) > α(G), then G is hamiltonian-connected. We generalize these results by replacing the connectivity and independence number conditions with a weaker minimum degree and independence number condition in the presence of sufficient connectivity. More specifically, it is noted that if G is a graph of order n and k ≥ 2 is a positive integer such that κ(G) ≥ k, δ(G) > (n+k²-k)/(k+1),...

Chvátal’s Condition is a sufficient condition for a spanning cycle in an n-vertex graph. The condition is that when the vertex degrees are d₁, ...,dₙ in nondecreasing order, i < n/2 implies that $d_i>i$ or $d_{n-i}\ge n-i$. We prove that this condition cannot hold in both a graph and its complement, and we raise the problem of finding its asymptotic probability in the random graph with edge probability 1/2.

From a natural generalization to Z2 of the concept of congruence, it is possible to define a family of 2-regular digraphs that we call commutative-step networks. Particular examples of such digraphs are the cartesian product of two directed cycles, C1 x Ch, and the fixed-step network (or 2-step circulant digraph) DN,a,b.In this paper the theory of congruences in Z2 is applied to derive three equivalent characterizations of those commutative-step networks that have a Hamiltonian cycle. Some known...

The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is still one of the most researched topics in computational mathematics, and we introduce a variant of it, namely the study of the closed k-walks in graphs. We search for a shortest closed route visiting k cities in a non complete graph without weights. This motivates the following definition. Given a set of k distinct vertices = x₁, x₂, ...,xₖ in a simple graph G, the closed k-stop-distance of set is defined to be $dₖ\left(\right)=mi{n}_{\Theta \in \left(\right)}(d(\Theta \left(x₁\right),\Theta \left(x₂\right))+d(\Theta \left(x₂\right),\Theta \left(x₃\right))+...+d(\Theta \left(xₖ\right),\Theta \left(x₁\right)))$, where () is the set of all permutations from...

A k-ended tree is a tree with at most k endvertices. Broersma and Tuinstra [3] have proved that for k ≥ 2 and for a pair of nonadjacent vertices u, v in a graph G of order n with $de{g}_{G}u+de{g}_{G}v\ge n-1$, G has a spanning k-ended tree if and only if G+uv has a spanning k-ended tree. The distant area for u and v is the subgraph induced by the set of vertices that are not adjacent with u or v. We investigate the relationship between the condition on $de{g}_{G}u+de{g}_{G}v$ and the structure of the distant area for u and v. We prove that if the...

We show that the problem of finding the family of all so called the locally reducible factors in the binary de Bruijn graph of order k is equivalent to the problem of finding all colourings of edges in the binary de Bruijn graph of order k-1, where each vertex belongs to exactly two cycles of different colours. In this paper we define and study such colouring for the greater class of the de Bruijn graphs in order to define a class of so called regular factors, which is not so difficult to construct....

If D = (V,A) is a digraph, its competition hypergraph (D) has vertex set V and e ⊆ V is an edge of (D) iff |e| ≥ 2 and there is a vertex v ∈ V, such that $e=N_D⁻\left(v\right)=w\in V\left|\right(w,v)\in A$. We give characterizations of (D) in case of hamiltonian digraphs D and, more general, of digraphs D having a τ-cycle factor. The results are closely related to the corresponding investigations for competition graphs in Fraughnaugh et al. [4] and Guichard [6].