We investigate weighted norm inequalities for the commutator of a fractional integral operator and multiplication by a function. In particular, we show that, for $\mu ,\lambda \in A_{p,q}$ and α/n + 1/q = 1/p, the norm $\left|\right|[b,I_{\alpha }]:L^p\left({\mu }^p\right)\to L^q\left({\lambda }^q\right)\left|\right|$ is equivalent to the norm of b in the weighted BMO space BMO(ν), where $\nu =\mu {\lambda }^{-1}$. This work extends some of the results on this topic existing in the literature, and continues a line of investigation which was initiated by Bloom in 1985 and was recently developed further by the first author, Lacey, and Wick.

We establish a connection between the L² norm of sums of dilated functions whose jth Fourier coefficients are $\left(j^{-\alpha }\right)$ for some α ∈ (1/2,1), and the spectral norms of certain greatest common divisor (GCD) matrices. Utilizing recent bounds for these spectral norms, we obtain sharp conditions for the convergence in L² and for the almost everywhere convergence of series of dilated functions.