Geometric classes of Goursat flags and the arithmetics of their encoding by small growth vectors

Piotr Mormul

Open Mathematics (2004)

  • Volume: 2, Issue: 5, page 859-883
  • ISSN: 2391-5455

Abstract

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Goursat distributions are subbundles, of codimension at least 2, in the tangent bundles to manifolds having the flag of consecutive Lie squares of ranks not depending on a point and growing-very slowly-always by 1. The length of a flag thus equals the corank of the underlying distribution. After the works of, among others, Bryant&Hsu (1993), Jean (1996), and Montgomery&Zhitomirskii (2001), the local behaviours of Goursat flags of any fixed length r≥2 are stratified into geometric classes encoded by words of length r over the alphabet {G,S,T} (Generic, Singular, Tangent) starting with two letters G and having letter(s) T only directly after an S, or directly after another T. It follows from [6] that the Goursat germs sitting in any fixed geometric class have, up to translations by rk D−2, one and the same small growth vector (at the reference point) that can be computed recursively in terms of the G,S,T code. In the present paper we give explicit solutions to the recursive equations of Jean and show how, thanks to a surprisingly neat underlying arithmetics, one can algorithmically read back the relevant geometric class from a given small growth vector. This gives a secondary, Gödel-like super-encoding of the geometric classes of Goursat objects (rather than just a 1-1 correspondence between those classes and small growth vectors).

How to cite

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Piotr Mormul. "Geometric classes of Goursat flags and the arithmetics of their encoding by small growth vectors." Open Mathematics 2.5 (2004): 859-883. <http://eudml.org/doc/268896>.

@article{PiotrMormul2004,
abstract = {Goursat distributions are subbundles, of codimension at least 2, in the tangent bundles to manifolds having the flag of consecutive Lie squares of ranks not depending on a point and growing-very slowly-always by 1. The length of a flag thus equals the corank of the underlying distribution. After the works of, among others, Bryant&Hsu (1993), Jean (1996), and Montgomery&Zhitomirskii (2001), the local behaviours of Goursat flags of any fixed length r≥2 are stratified into geometric classes encoded by words of length r over the alphabet \{G,S,T\} (Generic, Singular, Tangent) starting with two letters G and having letter(s) T only directly after an S, or directly after another T. It follows from [6] that the Goursat germs sitting in any fixed geometric class have, up to translations by rk D−2, one and the same small growth vector (at the reference point) that can be computed recursively in terms of the G,S,T code. In the present paper we give explicit solutions to the recursive equations of Jean and show how, thanks to a surprisingly neat underlying arithmetics, one can algorithmically read back the relevant geometric class from a given small growth vector. This gives a secondary, Gödel-like super-encoding of the geometric classes of Goursat objects (rather than just a 1-1 correspondence between those classes and small growth vectors).},
author = {Piotr Mormul},
journal = {Open Mathematics},
keywords = {58A17},
language = {eng},
number = {5},
pages = {859-883},
title = {Geometric classes of Goursat flags and the arithmetics of their encoding by small growth vectors},
url = {http://eudml.org/doc/268896},
volume = {2},
year = {2004},
}

TY - JOUR
AU - Piotr Mormul
TI - Geometric classes of Goursat flags and the arithmetics of their encoding by small growth vectors
JO - Open Mathematics
PY - 2004
VL - 2
IS - 5
SP - 859
EP - 883
AB - Goursat distributions are subbundles, of codimension at least 2, in the tangent bundles to manifolds having the flag of consecutive Lie squares of ranks not depending on a point and growing-very slowly-always by 1. The length of a flag thus equals the corank of the underlying distribution. After the works of, among others, Bryant&Hsu (1993), Jean (1996), and Montgomery&Zhitomirskii (2001), the local behaviours of Goursat flags of any fixed length r≥2 are stratified into geometric classes encoded by words of length r over the alphabet {G,S,T} (Generic, Singular, Tangent) starting with two letters G and having letter(s) T only directly after an S, or directly after another T. It follows from [6] that the Goursat germs sitting in any fixed geometric class have, up to translations by rk D−2, one and the same small growth vector (at the reference point) that can be computed recursively in terms of the G,S,T code. In the present paper we give explicit solutions to the recursive equations of Jean and show how, thanks to a surprisingly neat underlying arithmetics, one can algorithmically read back the relevant geometric class from a given small growth vector. This gives a secondary, Gödel-like super-encoding of the geometric classes of Goursat objects (rather than just a 1-1 correspondence between those classes and small growth vectors).
LA - eng
KW - 58A17
UR - http://eudml.org/doc/268896
ER -

References

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  1. [1] R.L. Bryant and L. Hsu: “Rigidity of integral curves of rank 2 distributions”, Invent. math., Vol. 114, (1993), pp. 435–461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01232676 Zbl0807.58007
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  3. [3] M. Cheaito and P. Mormul: “Rank-2 distributions satisfying the Goursat condition: all their local models in dimension 7 and 8”, ESAIM: Control, Optimisation and Calculus of Variations, Vol. 4, (1999), pp. 137–158, (http://www.edpsciences.org/cocv) http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/cocv:1999107 Zbl0957.58002
  4. [4] M. Gaspar: “Sobre la clasificacion de sistemas de Pfaff en bandera”, In: Proceedings of 10th Spanish-Portuguese Conference on Math., University of Murcia, 1985, pp. 67–74 (in Spanish). 
  5. [5] B. Jacquard: Le problème de la voiture à 2, 3, et 4 remorques, Preprint, DMI, ENS, Paris, 1993. 
  6. [6] F. Jean: “The car with N trailers: characterisation of the singular configurations”, ESAIM: Control, Optimisation and Calculus of Variations, Vol. 1, (1996), pp. 241–266, (http://www.edpsciences/cocv). http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/cocv:1996108 
  7. [7] A. Kumpera and C. Ruiz: “Sur l'équivalence locale des systèmes de Pfaff en drapeau”, In: F. Gherardelli (Ed): Monge-Ampère Equations and Related Topics, Florence, 1980; Ist. Alta Math. F. Severi, Rome, 1982, pp. 201–248. Zbl0516.58004
  8. [8] F. Luca and J.-J. Risler: “The maximum of the degree of nonholonomy for the car with N trailers”, In: Proceedings of the 4th IFAC Symposium on Robot Control, Capri, 1994, pp. 165–170. 
  9. [9] R. Montgomery and M. Zhitomirskii: “Geometric approach to Goursat flags”, Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré-AN, Vol. 18, (2001), pp. 459–493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0294-1449(01)00076-2 Zbl1013.58004
  10. [10] P. Mormul: “Local classification of rank-2 distributions satisfying the Goursat condition in dimension 9”, In: P. Orro and F. Pelletier (Eds): Singularités et géométrie sous-riemannienne, Chambéry, 1997; Travaux en cours, Vol. 62, Hermann, Paris, 2000, pp. 89–119. 
  11. [11] W. Pasillas-Lépine and W. Respondek: “On the geometry of Goursat structures”, ESAIM: Control, Optimisation and Calculus of Variations, Vol. 6, (2001), pp. 119–181, (http://www.edpsciences.org/cocv). http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/cocv:2001106 Zbl0966.58002
  12. [12] E. Von Weber: “Zur Invariantentheorie der Systeme Pfaff'scher Gleichungen”, Berichte Ges. Leipzig, Math-Phys. Classe, Vol. L, (1898), pp. 207–229. Zbl29.0302.01

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