All Liouville Numbers are Transcendental

Artur Korniłowicz, Adam Naumowicz, and Adam Grabowski. "All Liouville Numbers are Transcendental." Formalized Mathematics 25.1 (2017): 49-54. <http://eudml.org/doc/288123>.

@article{ArturKorniłowicz2017,
abstract = {In this Mizar article, we complete the formalization of one of the items from Abad and Abad’s challenge list of “Top 100 Theorems” about Liouville numbers and the existence of transcendental numbers. It is item #18 from the “Formalizing 100 Theorems” list maintained by Freek Wiedijk at http://www.cs.ru.nl/F.Wiedijk/100/. Liouville numbers were introduced by Joseph Liouville in 1844 [15] as an example of an object which can be approximated “quite closely” by a sequence of rational numbers. A real number x is a Liouville number iff for every positive integer n, there exist integers p and q such that q > 1 and [...] It is easy to show that all Liouville numbers are irrational. The definition and basic notions are contained in [10], [1], and [12]. Liouvile constant, which is defined formally in [12], is the first explicit transcendental (not algebraic) number, another notable examples are e and π [5], [11], and [4]. Algebraic numbers were formalized with the help of the Mizar system [13] very recently, by Yasushige Watase in [23] and now we expand these techniques into the area of not only pure algebraic domains (as fields, rings and formal polynomials), but also for more settheoretic fields. Finally we show that all Liouville numbers are transcendental, based on Liouville’s theorem on Diophantine approximation.},
author = {Artur Korniłowicz, Adam Naumowicz, Adam Grabowski},
journal = {Formalized Mathematics},
keywords = {Liouville numbers; Diophantine approximation; transcendental numbers; Liouville’s constant; transcendental number; Liouville's constant},
language = {eng},
number = {1},
pages = {49-54},
title = {All Liouville Numbers are Transcendental},
url = {http://eudml.org/doc/288123},
volume = {25},
year = {2017},
}

TY - JOUR
AU - Artur Korniłowicz
AU - Adam Naumowicz
AU - Adam Grabowski
TI - All Liouville Numbers are Transcendental
JO - Formalized Mathematics
PY - 2017
VL - 25
IS - 1
SP - 49
EP - 54
AB - In this Mizar article, we complete the formalization of one of the items from Abad and Abad’s challenge list of “Top 100 Theorems” about Liouville numbers and the existence of transcendental numbers. It is item #18 from the “Formalizing 100 Theorems” list maintained by Freek Wiedijk at http://www.cs.ru.nl/F.Wiedijk/100/. Liouville numbers were introduced by Joseph Liouville in 1844 [15] as an example of an object which can be approximated “quite closely” by a sequence of rational numbers. A real number x is a Liouville number iff for every positive integer n, there exist integers p and q such that q > 1 and [...] It is easy to show that all Liouville numbers are irrational. The definition and basic notions are contained in [10], [1], and [12]. Liouvile constant, which is defined formally in [12], is the first explicit transcendental (not algebraic) number, another notable examples are e and π [5], [11], and [4]. Algebraic numbers were formalized with the help of the Mizar system [13] very recently, by Yasushige Watase in [23] and now we expand these techniques into the area of not only pure algebraic domains (as fields, rings and formal polynomials), but also for more settheoretic fields. Finally we show that all Liouville numbers are transcendental, based on Liouville’s theorem on Diophantine approximation.
LA - eng
KW - Liouville numbers; Diophantine approximation; transcendental numbers; Liouville’s constant; transcendental number; Liouville's constant
UR - http://eudml.org/doc/288123
ER -