A fixed point theorem for branched covering maps of the plane
It is known that every homeomorphism of the plane which admits an invariant non-separating continuum has a fixed point in the continuum. In this paper we show that any branched covering map of the plane of degree d, |d| ≤ 2, which has an invariant, non-separating continuum Y, either has a fixed point in Y, or is such that Y contains a minimal (in the sense of inclusion among invariant continua), fully invariant, non-separating subcontinuum X. In the latter case, f has to be of degree -2 and X has...