In the first part, we assume well known characteristics of ellipse which are given by triangle construction using main circles. We extend them on some lesser known features like Apollonius's theorem of associated radii of the ellipse. In the second part, we assume triangle construction of ellipse given by associated radii.
This paper focuses on the automatic recognition of map projection, its inverse and re-projection. Our analysis leads to the unconstrained optimization solved by the hybrid BFGS nonlinear least squares technique. The objective function is represented by the squared sum of the residuals. For the map re-projection the partial differential equations of the inverse transformation are derived. They can be applied to any map projection. Illustrative examples of the stereographic and globular Nicolosi projections...
Approximately 150 map projections are known, but the inverse forms have been published for only two-thirds of them. This paper focuses on finding the inverse forms of van der Grinten projections I--IV, both by non-linear partial differential equations and by the straightforward inverse of their projection equations. Taking into account the particular cases, new derivations of coordinate functions are also presented. Both the direct and inverse equations have the analytic form, are easy to implement...
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