Small-area estimation using adjustment by covariantes.
Linear regression models with random effects are applied to estimating the population means of indirectly measured variables in small areas. The proposed method, a hybrid with design- and model-based elements, takes account of the area-level variation and of the uncertainty about the fitted regression model and the area-level population means of the covariates. The method is illustrated on data from the U.S. Department of Labor Literacy Surveys and is informally validated on two states, Mississippi...