The arithmetic and turing degrees are not elementary equivalent. Richard A. Shore — 1984 Archiv für mathematische Logik und Grundlagenforschung
The strength of Turing determinacy within second order arithmetic Antonio Montalbán; Richard A. Shore — 2016 Fundamenta Mathematicae We investigate the reverse mathematical strength of Turing determinacy up to Σ₅⁰, which is itself not provable in second order arithmetic.