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For a second order differential equation with a damping term, we establish some new inequalities of Lyapunov type. These inequalities give implicit lower bounds on the distance between zeros of a nontrivial solution and also lower bounds for the spacing between zeros of a solution and/or its derivative. We also obtain a lower bound for the first eigenvalue of a boundary value problem. The main results are proved by applying the Hölder inequality and some generalizations of Opial and Wirtinger type...

We prove some new Opial type inequalities on time scales and employ them to prove several results related to the spacing between consecutive zeros of a solution or between a zero of a solution and a zero of its derivative for second order dynamic equations on time scales. We also apply these inequalities to obtain a lower bound for the smallest eigenvalue of a Sturm-Liouville eigenvalue problem on time scales. The results contain as special cases some results obtained for second order differential...

We consider the discrete survival red blood cells model (*) $N_{n+1}-Nₙ=-\delta ₙNₙ+Pₙe^{-a{N}_{n-k}}$, where δₙ and Pₙ are positive sequences. In the autonomous case we show that (*) has a unique positive steady state N*, we establish some sufficient conditions for oscillation of all positive solutions about N*, and when k = 1 we give a sufficient condition for N* to be globally asymptotically stable. In the nonatonomous case, assuming that there exists a positive solution Nₙ*, we present necessary and sufficient conditions for oscillation...

We consider nonlinear neutral delay differential equations with variable coefficients. Finite and infinite integral conditions for oscillation are obtained. As an example, the neutral delay logistic differential equation is discussed.

The purpose of this paper is to study the asymptotic properties of nonoscillatory solutions of the third order nonlinear functional dynamic equation ${\left[p\left(t\right){\left[{\left(r\left(t\right)x^{\Delta }\left(t\right)\right)}^{\Delta }\right]}^{\gamma }\right]}^{\Delta }+q\left(t\right)f\left(x\left(\tau \left(t\right)\right)\right)=0$, t ≥ t₀, on a time scale , where γ > 0 is a quotient of odd positive integers, and p, q, r and τ are positive right-dense continuous functions defined on . We classify the nonoscillatory solutions into certain classes $C_i$, i = 0,1,2,3, according to the sign of the Δ-quasi-derivatives and obtain sufficient conditions in order that $C_i=\varnothing$. Also, we establish...

In this paper we consider the third-order nonlinear delay differential equation (*) $${\left(a\left(t\right){\left(x^{\text{'}\text{'}}\left(t\right)\right)}^{\gamma }\right)}^{\text{'}}+q\left(t\right)x^{\gamma }\left(\tau \left(t\right)\right)=0,t\ge t_0,$$ where $a\left(t\right)$, $q\left(t\right)$ are positive functions, $\gamma >0$ is a quotient of odd positive integers and the delay function $\tau \left(t\right)\le t$ satisfies ${lim}_{t\to infty}\tau \left(t\right)=infty$. We establish some sufficient conditions which ensure that (*) is oscillatory or the solutions converge to zero. Our results in the nondelay case extend and improve some known results and in the delay case the results can be applied to new classes of equations which are not covered by the known criteria....