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Nuclear groups form a class of abelian topological groups which contains LCA groups and nuclear locally convex spaces, and is closed with respect to certain natural operations. In nuclear locally convex spaces, weakly summable families are strongly summable, and strongly summable are absolutely summable. It is shown that these theorems can be generalized in a natural way to nuclear groups.

It is proved that if a metrizable locally convex space is not nuclear, then it does not satisfy the Lévy-Steinitz theorem on rearrangement of series.

Let U, V be two symmetric convex bodies in ${ℝ}^n$ and |U|, |V| their n-dimensional volumes. It is proved that there exist vectors $u_1,...,u_n\in U$ such that, for each choice of signs ${\epsilon }_1,...,{\epsilon }_n=\pm 1$, one has ${\epsilon }_1{u}_1+...+{\epsilon }_n{u}_n\notin rV$ where $r={\left(2\pi e^2\right)}^{-1/2}{n}^{1/2}\left(\right|U|/{\left|V\right|)}^{1/n}$. Hence it is deduced that if a metrizable locally convex space is not nuclear, then it contains a null sequence $\left(u_n\right)$ such that the series ${\sum }_{n=1}^{\infty }{\epsilon }_n{u}_{\pi \left(n\right)}$ is divergent for any choice of signs ${\epsilon }_n=\pm 1$ and any permutation π of indices.

The aim of this survey article is to show certain questions concerning nuclear spaces and linear operators in normed spaces lead to questions from geometry of numbers.

The paper deals with the approximation by polynomials with integer coefficients in $L_p(0,1)$, 1 ≤ p ≤ ∞. Let $P_{n,r}$ be the space of polynomials of degree ≤ n which are divisible by the polynomial $x^r{(1-x)}^r$, r ≥ 0, and let $P_{n,r}^{\mathbb{Z}}\subset P_{n,r}$ be the set of polynomials with integer coefficients. Let $\mu (P_{n,r}^{\mathbb{Z}};L_p)$ be the maximal distance of elements of $P_{n,r}$ from $P_{n,r}^{\mathbb{Z}}$ in $L_p(0,1)$. We give rather precise quantitative estimates of $\mu (P_{n,r}^{\mathbb{Z}};L₂)$ for n ≳ 6r. Then we obtain similar, somewhat less precise, estimates of $\mu (P_{n,r}^{\mathbb{Z}};L_p)$ for p ≠ 2. It follows that $\mu (P_{n,r}^{\mathbb{Z}};L_p)\asymp n^{-2r-2/p}$ as n → ∞. The results partially...