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This paper is concerned with the delay partial difference equation (1) $A_{m+1,n}+A_{m,n+1}-A_{m,n}+{\Sigma }_{i=1}^u{p}_i{A}_{m-k_i,n-l_i}=0$ where $p_i$ are real numbers, $k_i$ and $l_i$ are nonnegative integers, u is a positive integer. Sufficient and necessary conditions for all solutions of (1) to be oscillatory are obtained.

In this paper, necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of nonoscillatory solutions of the forced nonlinear difference equation $$\Delta (x_n-p_n{x}_{\tau \left(n\right)})+f(n,x_{\sigma \left(n\right)})=q_n$$ are obtained. Examples are included to illustrate the results.

Consider the forced higher-order nonlinear neutral functional differential equation $$\frac{{\mathrm{d}}^n}{\mathrm{d}{t}^n}[x\left(t\right)+C\left(t\right)x(t-\tau )]+\sum _{i=1}^m{Q}_i\left(t\right)f_i\left(x(t-{\sigma }_i)\right)=g\left(t\right),t\ge t_0,$$ where $n,m\ge 1$ are integers, $\tau ,{\sigma }_i\in {ℝ}^{+}=[0,\infty )$, $C,Q_i,g\in C([t_0,\infty ),ℝ)$, $f_i\in C(ℝ,ℝ)$, $(i=1,2,\cdots ,m)$. Some sufficient conditions for the existence of a nonoscillatory solution of above equation are obtained for general $Q_i\left(t\right)$ $(i=1,2,\cdots ,m)$ and $g\left(t\right)$ which means that we allow oscillatory $Q_i\left(t\right)$ $(i=1,2,\cdots ,m)$ and $g\left(t\right)$. Our results improve essentially some known results in the references.

In this paper, we study the existence of oscillatory and nonoscillatory solutions of neutral differential equations of the form $x\left(t\right)-cx(t-r)$’$P\left(t\right)x(t-\theta )-Q\left(t\right)x(t-\delta )$=0 where $c>0$, $r>0$, $\theta >\delta \ge 0$ are constants, and $P$, $Q\in C({ℝ}^{+},{ℝ}^{+})$. We obtain some sufficient and some necessary conditions for the existence of bounded and unbounded positive solutions, as well as some sufficient conditions for the existence of bounded and unbounded oscillatory solutions.