Displaying similar documents to “The braid groups of the projective plane.”

The free one-generated left distributive algebra: basics and a simplified proof of the division algorithm

Richard Laver, Sheila Miller (2013)

Open Mathematics

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The left distributive law is the law a· (b· c) = (a·b) · (a· c). Left distributive algebras have been classically used in the study of knots and braids, and more recently free left distributive algebras have been studied in connection with large cardinal axioms in set theory. We provide a survey of results on the free left distributive algebra on one generator, A, and a new, simplified proof of the existence of a normal form for terms in A. Topics included are: the confluence of A, the...

On the weak non-defectivity of veronese embeddings of projective spaces

Edoardo Ballico (2005)

Open Mathematics

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Fix integers n, x, k such that n≥3, k>0, x≥4, (n, x)≠(3, 4) and k(n+1)<(nn+x). Here we prove that the order x Veronese embedding ofP n is not weakly (k−1)-defective, i.e. for a general S⊃P n such that #(S) = k+1 the projective space | I 2S (x)| of all degree t hypersurfaces ofP n singular at each point of S has dimension (n/n+x )−1− k(n+1) (proved by Alexander and Hirschowitz) and a general F∈| I 2S (x)| has an ordinary double point at each P∈ S and Sing (F)=S.

Homology theory in the alternative set theory I. Algebraic preliminaries

Jaroslav Guričan (1991)

Commentationes Mathematicae Universitatis Carolinae

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The notion of free group is defined, a relatively wide collection of groups which enable infinite set summation (called ), is introduced. Commutative π -groups are studied from the set-theoretical point of view and from the point of view of free groups. Commutativity of the operator which is a special kind of inverse limit and factorization, is proved. Tensor product is defined, commutativity of direct product (also a free group construction and tensor product) with the special kind of...