Displaying similar documents to “Kernels in the closure of coloured digraphs”

Kernels in edge coloured line digraph

H. Galeana-Sánchez, L. Pastrana Ramírez (1998)

Discussiones Mathematicae Graph Theory

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We call the digraph D an m-coloured digraph if the arcs of D are coloured with m colours. A directed path (or a directed cycle) is called monochromatic if all of its arcs are coloured alike. A set N ⊆ V(D) is said to be a kernel by monochromatic paths if it satisfies the two following conditions (i) for every pair of different vertices u, v ∈ N there is no monochromatic directed path between them and (ii) for every vertex x ∈ V(D)-N there is a vertex y ∈ N such that there is an...

On graphs all of whose {C₃,T₃}-free arc colorations are kernel-perfect

Hortensia Galeana-Sánchez, José de Jesús García-Ruvalcaba (2001)

Discussiones Mathematicae Graph Theory

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A digraph D is called a kernel-perfect digraph or KP-digraph when every induced subdigraph of D has a kernel. We call the digraph D an m-coloured digraph if the arcs of D are coloured with m distinct colours. A path P is monochromatic in D if all of its arcs are coloured alike in D. The closure of D, denoted by ζ(D), is the m-coloured digraph defined as follows: V( ζ(D)) = V(D), and A( ζ(D)) = ∪_{i} {(u,v) with colour i: there exists a monochromatic...

Monochromatic paths and monochromatic sets of arcs in 3-quasitransitive digraphs

Hortensia Galeana-Sánchez, R. Rojas-Monroy, B. Zavala (2009)

Discussiones Mathematicae Graph Theory

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We call the digraph D an m-coloured digraph if the arcs of D are coloured with m colours. A directed path is called monochromatic if all of its arcs are coloured alike. A set N of vertices of D is called a kernel by monochromatic paths if for every pair of vertices of N there is no monochromatic path between them and for every vertex v ∉ N there is a monochromatic path from v to N. We denote by A⁺(u) the set of arcs of D that have u as the initial vertex. We prove that if D is an m-coloured...

Kernels by Monochromatic Paths and Color-Perfect Digraphs

Hortensia Galeana-Śanchez, Rocío Sánchez-López (2016)

Discussiones Mathematicae Graph Theory

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For a digraph D, V (D) and A(D) will denote the sets of vertices and arcs of D respectively. In an arc-colored digraph, a subset K of V(D) is said to be kernel by monochromatic paths (mp-kernel) if (1) for any two different vertices x, y in N there is no monochromatic directed path between them (N is mp-independent) and (2) for each vertex u in V (D) N there exists v ∈ N such that there is a monochromatic directed path from u to v in D (N is mp-absorbent). If every arc in D has a different...

Cyclically k-partite digraphs and k-kernels

Hortensia Galeana-Sánchez, César Hernández-Cruz (2011)

Discussiones Mathematicae Graph Theory

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Let D be a digraph, V(D) and A(D) will denote the sets of vertices and arcs of D, respectively. A (k,l)-kernel N of D is a k-independent set of vertices (if u,v ∈ N then d(u,v) ≥ k) and l-absorbent (if u ∈ V(D)-N then there exists v ∈ N such that d(u,v) ≤ l). A k-kernel is a (k,k-1)-kernel. A digraph D is cyclically k-partite if there exists a partition V i i = 0 k - 1 of V(D) such that every arc in D is a V i V i + 1 - a r c (mod k). We give a characterization for an unilateral digraph to be cyclically k-partite through...

On the Complexity of the 3-Kernel Problem in Some Classes of Digraphs

Pavol Hell, César Hernández-Cruz (2014)

Discussiones Mathematicae Graph Theory

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Let D be a digraph with the vertex set V (D) and the arc set A(D). A subset N of V (D) is k-independent if for every pair of vertices u, v ∈ N, we have d(u, v), d(v, u) ≥ k; it is l-absorbent if for every u ∈ V (D) − N there exists v ∈ N such that d(u, v) ≤ l. A k-kernel of D is a k-independent and (k − 1)-absorbent subset of V (D). A 2-kernel is called a kernel. It is known that the problem of determining whether a digraph has a kernel (“the kernel problem”) is NP-complete, even in...

Strong asymmetric digraphs with prescribed interior and annulus

Steven J. Winters (2001)

Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal

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The directed distance d ( u , v ) from u to v in a strong digraph D is the length of a shortest u - v path in D . The eccentricity e ( v ) of a vertex v in D is the directed distance from v to a vertex furthest from v in D . The center and periphery of a strong digraph are two well known subdigraphs induced by those vertices of minimum and maximum eccentricities, respectively. We introduce the interior and annulus of a digraph which are two induced subdigraphs involving the remaining vertices. Several results...

Some sufficient conditions on odd directed cycles of bounded length for the existence of a kernel

Hortensia Galeana-Sánchez (2004)

Discussiones Mathematicae Graph Theory

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A kernel N of a digraph D is an independent set of vertices of D such that for every w ∈ V(D)-N there exists an arc from w to N. If every induced subdigraph of D has a kernel, D is said to be a kernel-perfect digraph. In this paper I investigate some sufficient conditions for a digraph to have a kernel by asking for the existence of certain diagonals or symmetrical arcs in each odd directed cycle whose length is at most 2α(D)+1, where α(D) is the maximum cardinality of an independent...

k-Kernels and some operations in digraphs

Hortensia Galeana-Sanchez, Laura Pastrana (2009)

Discussiones Mathematicae Graph Theory

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Let D be a digraph. V(D) denotes the set of vertices of D; a set N ⊆ V(D) is said to be a k-kernel of D if it satisfies the following two conditions: for every pair of different vertices u,v ∈ N it holds that every directed path between them has length at least k and for every vertex x ∈ V(D)-N there is a vertex y ∈ N such that there is an xy-directed path of length at most k-1. In this paper, we consider some operations on digraphs and prove the existence of k-kernels in digraphs formed...