Displaying similar documents to “Chapter 3. The First Steps in Surface Theory”

On surface braids of index four with at most two crossings

Teruo Nagase, Akiko Shima (2005)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

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Let Γ be a 4-chart with at most two crossings. We show that if the closure of the surface braid obtained from Γ is one 2-sphere, then the sphere is a ribbon surface.