$L_\infty $-Convergence of Finite Element Approximation

J. A. Nitsche

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Displaying similar documents to “ $L_{\infty}$ -Convergence of Finite Element Approximation”

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Convergence of greedy approximation I. General systems

S. V. Konyagin, V. N. Temlyakov (2003)

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We consider convergence of thresholding type approximations with regard to general complete minimal systems eₙ in a quasi-Banach space X. Thresholding approximations are defined as follows. Let eₙ* ⊂ X* be the conjugate (dual) system to eₙ; then define for ε > 0 and x ∈ X the thresholding approximations as $T_{ε} (x) : = \sum_{j \in D_{ε} (x)} e *_{j} (x) e_{j}$ , where $D_{ε} (x) : = j : | e *_{j} (x) | \geq ε$ . We study a generalized version of $T_{ε}$ that we call the weak thresholding approximation. We modify the $T_{ε} (x)$ in the following way. For ε > 0, t ∈ (0,1) we set $D_{t, ε} (x) : = j : t ε \leq | e *_{j} (x) | < ε$ and consider...

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We study the following nonlinear method of approximation by trigonometric polynomials. For a periodic function f we take as an approximant a trigonometric polynomial of the form $G ₘ (f) : = \sum_{k \in Λ} f ̂ (k) e^{i (k, x)}$ , where $Λ \subset ℤ^{d}$ is a set of cardinality m containing the indices of the m largest (in absolute value) Fourier coefficients f̂(k) of the function f. Note that Gₘ(f) gives the best m-term approximant in the L₂-norm, and therefore, for each f ∈ L₂, ||f-Gₘ(f)||₂ → 0 as m → ∞. It is known from previous results that in...

On the approximation of real continuous functions by series of solutions of a single system of partial differential equations

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We prove the existence of an effectively computable integer polynomial P(x,t₀,...,t₅) having the following property. Every continuous function $f : ℝ^{s} \to ℝ$ can be approximated with arbitrary accuracy by an infinite sum $\sum_{r = 1}^{\infty} H_{r} (x ₁, . . ., x_{s}) \in C^{\infty} (ℝ^{s})$ of analytic functions $H_{r}$ , each solving the same system of universal partial differential equations, namely $P (x_{σ}; H_{r}, \partial H_{r} / \partial x_{σ}, . . ., \partial ⁵ H_{r} / \partial x ⁵_{σ} ⁵) = 0$ (σ = 1,..., s).

Some duality results on bounded approximation properties of pairs

Eve Oja, Silja Treialt (2013)

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The main result is as follows. Let X be a Banach space and let Y be a closed subspace of X. Assume that the pair $(X *, Y^{⊥})$ has the λ-bounded approximation property. Then there exists a net $(S_{α})$ of finite-rank operators on X such that $S_{α} (Y) \subset Y$ and $| | S_{α} | | \leq λ$ for all α, and $(S_{α})$ and $(S *_{α})$ converge pointwise to the identity operators on X and X*, respectively. This means that the pair (X,Y) has the λ-bounded duality approximation property.

On the multiples of a badly approximable vector

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Let d be a positive integer and α a real algebraic number of degree d + 1. Set $α ̲ : = (α, α ², . . ., α^{d})$ . It is well-known that $c (α ̲) : = l i m i n f_{q \to \infty} q^{1 / d} \cdot | | q α ̲ | | > 0$ , where ||·|| denotes the distance to the nearest integer. Furthermore, $c (α ̲) n^{- 1 / d} \leq c (n α ̲) \leq n c (α ̲)$ for any integer n ≥ 1. Our main result asserts that there exists a real number C, depending only on α, such that $c (n α ̲) \leq C n^{- 1 / d}$ for any integer n ≥ 1.

Three-space problems for the approximation property

A. Szankowski (2009)

Journal of the European Mathematical Society

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It is shown that there is a subspace $Z_{q}$ of $ℓ_{q}$ for $1 < q < 2$ which is isomorphic to $ℓ_{q}$ such that $ℓ_{q} / Z_{q}$ does not have the approximation property. On the other hand, for $2 < p < \infty$ there is a subspace $Y_{p}$ of $ℓ_{p}$ such that $Y_{p}$ does not have the approximation property (AP) but the quotient space $ℓ_{p} / Y_{p}$ is isomorphic to $ℓ_{p}$ . The result is obtained by defining random “Enflo-Davie spaces” $Y_{p}$ which with full probability fail AP for all $2 < p \leq \infty$ and have AP for all $1 \leq p \leq 2$ . For $1 < p \leq 2$ , $Y_{p}$ are isomorphic to $ℓ_{p}$ .