Displaying similar documents to “On the necessity of Reidemeister move 2 for simplifying immersed planar curves”

Link homotopy invariants of graphs in R.

Kouki Taniyama (1994)

Revista Matemática de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid

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In this paper we define a link homotopy invariant of spatial graphs based on the second degree coefficient of the Conway polynomial of a knot.

Pure virtual braids homotopic to the identity braid

H. A. Dye (2009)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

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Two virtual link diagrams are homotopic if one may be transformed into the other by a sequence of virtual Reidemeister moves, classical Reidemeister moves, and self crossing changes. We recall the pure virtual braid group. We then describe the set of pure virtual braids that are homotopic to the identity braid.

Virtual biquandles

Louis H. Kauffman, Vassily O. Manturov (2005)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

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We describe new approaches for constructing virtual knot invariants. The main background of this paper comes from formulating and bringing together the ideas of biquandle [KR], [FJK], the virtual quandle [Ma2], the ideas of quaternion biquandles by Roger Fenn and Andrew Bartholomew [BF], the concepts and properties of long virtual knots [Ma10], and other ideas in the interface between classical and virtual knot theory. In the present paper we present a new algebraic construction of virtual...

Some non-trivial PL knots whose complements are homotopy circles

Greg Friedman (2007)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

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We show that there exist non-trivial piecewise linear (PL) knots with isolated singularities S n - 2 S , n ≥ 5, whose complements have the homotopy type of a circle. This is in contrast to the case of smooth, PL locally flat, and topological locally flat knots, for which it is known that if the complement has the homotopy type of a circle, then the knot is trivial.

A conjecture on Khovanov's invariants

Stavros Garoufalidis (2004)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

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We formulate a conjectural formula for Khovanov's invariants of alternating knots in terms of the Jones polynomial and the signature of the knot.