Minimal surface representations of virtual knots and links.
Dye, H.A., Kauffman, Louis H. (2005)
Algebraic & Geometric Topology
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Dye, H.A., Kauffman, Louis H. (2005)
Algebraic & Geometric Topology
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Livingston, Charles (2004)
Geometry & Topology
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Seiichi Kamada (2001)
Fundamenta Mathematicae
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A Wirtinger presentation of a knot group is obtained from a diagram of the knot. T. Yajima showed that for a 2-knot or a closed oriented surface embedded in the Euclidean 4-space, a Wirtinger presentation of the knot group is obtained from a diagram in an analogous way. J. S. Carter and M. Saito generalized the method to non-orientable surfaces in 4-space by cutting non-orientable sheets of their diagrams by some arcs. We give a modification to their method so that one does not need...
Clark, Bradd Evans (1978)
International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences
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Livingston, Charles (2003)
Geometry & Topology
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Dean, John C. (2003)
Algebraic & Geometric Topology
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Vladimir Chernov, Rustam Sadykov (2016)
Fundamenta Mathematicae
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An elementary stabilization of a Legendrian knot L in the spherical cotangent bundle ST*M of a surface M is a surgery that results in attaching a handle to M along two discs away from the image in M of the projection of the knot L. A virtual Legendrian isotopy is a composition of stabilizations, destabilizations and Legendrian isotopies. A class of virtual Legendrian isotopy is called a virtual Legendrian knot. In contrast to Legendrian knots, virtual Legendrian knots...
Kai Ishihara, Atsushi Ishii (2012)
Fundamenta Mathematicae
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A handlebody-knot is a handlebody embedded in the 3-sphere. We improve Luo's result about markings on a surface, and show that an IH-move is sufficient to investigate handlebody-knots with spatial trivalent graphs without cut-edges. We also give fundamental moves with a height function for handlebody-tangles, which helps us to define operator invariants for handlebody-knots. By using the fundamental moves, we give an operator invariant.
Livingston, Charles (2004)
Algebraic & Geometric Topology
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Plamenevskaya, Olga (2004)
Algebraic & Geometric Topology
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Hendricks, Jacob (2004)
Algebraic & Geometric Topology
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Friedl, Stefan, Teichner, Peter (2005)
Geometry & Topology
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Lee Rudolph (1989)
Revista Matemática de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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This is a survey (including new results) of relations ?some emergent, others established? among three notions which the 1980s saw introduced into knot theory: quasipositivity of a link, the enhanced Milnor number of a fibered link, and the new link polynomials. The Seifert form fails to determine these invariants; perhaps there exists an ?enhanced Seifert form? which does.
Deruelle, A., Matignon, D. (2003)
Algebraic & Geometric Topology
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Livingston, Charles (2002)
Algebraic & Geometric Topology
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Isabel Darcy, De Sumners (1998)
Banach Center Publications
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The following is an expository article meant to give a simplified introduction to applications of topology to DNA.