Geographical course of history

Piotr L. Wilczyński

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Geographica (2011)

  • Volume: 2, page 65-77
  • ISSN: 2084-5456

Abstract

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The expression „geographical course of history”, currently seen as old-fashioned or obsolete, seems to be typical in geographical works of Nałkowski. It combines two fields that were very close to him just from the very beginning of his scientific career: geography, to which he has devoted his whole life, and history, which was for him a source of information necessary to explain the diversity of landscapes. The origins of the concept can be found in works of German geographer, educator and philosopher Ernst Christian Kapp, which were poorly known in the Russian language area. Nałkowski had an opportunity to acknowledge Kapp’s instructions during his studies in Leipzig. The scholar wrote about three political-geographical circles of culture (germ.  Political-geographische Kulturkreise), which also correspond with the stages in the development of civilization. For Nałkowski „the geographical course of history” is a specific point of view on history. Its essence is the movement of global (political and economic) center of civilization in three successive stages of social evolution. The first stage is connected with the great rivers of the ancient East, the second corresponds with the classical Greece and Rome (the Mediterranean), and the third is the period of dominance of the so-called West (the Atlantic stage). The Atlantic stage was to be replaced with the Pacific stage, before the advent of the global era. From the dawn of history until today the center of civilization shifted westward and this direction is the constant element of the concept. The article includes the results of empirical, geo-strategic and macroeconomic research, which confirm the validity of Nałkowski’s predictions. His concept became an inspiration not only to historians of civilization such as Feliks Koneczny and Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski, but also indirectly influenced the well-known theories of George Modelski, Peter Taylor and Samuel  Huntington.

How to cite

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Piotr L. Wilczyński. "Geograficzny bieg dziejów." Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Geographica 2 (2011): 65-77. <http://eudml.org/doc/296467>.

@article{PiotrL2011,
author = {Piotr L. Wilczyński},
journal = {Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Geographica},
keywords = {Wacław Nałkowski; koncepcja geograficznego biegu dziejów; geografia; historia},
language = {pol},
pages = {65-77},
title = {Geograficzny bieg dziejów},
url = {http://eudml.org/doc/296467},
volume = {2},
year = {2011},
}

TY - JOUR
AU - Piotr L. Wilczyński
TI - Geograficzny bieg dziejów
JO - Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Geographica
PY - 2011
VL - 2
SP - 65
EP - 77
LA - pol
KW - Wacław Nałkowski; koncepcja geograficznego biegu dziejów; geografia; historia
UR - http://eudml.org/doc/296467
ER -

References

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  2. Metchnikoff L., 1889, La civilisation et les grands fleuves historiques, Librairie Hachette, Paris. 
  3. Nałkowski W., 1887, Zarys geografii powszechnej (rozumowej), Paprocki, Warszawa. 
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  7. Wilczyński W., 2009, On the Necessity of the History of Geographical Thought, Bulletin of Geography, No. 11, s. 5–14. 
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  14. www.ers.usda.gov/data/macroeconomics/data/historicalrealgdpvalues.xls 

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