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Let $ℱ:L\to TS$ be a foliation on a complex, smooth and irreducible projective surface $S$, assume $ℱ$ admits a holomorphic first integral $f:S\to {\mathbb{P}}^1$. If $h^0(S,{𝒪}_S(-n{𝒦}_S\left)\right)\>0$ for some $n\ge 1$ we prove the inequality: $(2n-1)(g-1)\le h^1(S,{ℒ}^{\text{'}-1}(-(n-1)K_S\left)\right)+h^0(S,{ℒ}^{\text{'}})+1$. If $S$ is rational we prove that the direct image sheaves of the co-normal sheaf of $ℱ$ under $f$ are locally free; and give some information on the nature of their decomposition as direct sum of invertible sheaves.

Given a foliation in an algebraic surface having a rational first integral a genus formula for the general solution is obtained. In the case S = P some new counter-examples to the classic formulation of the Poincaré problem are presented. If S is a rational surface and has singularities of type (1, 1) or (1,-1) we prove that the general solution is a non-singular curve.