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We give several different $q$-analogues of the following two congruences of Z.-W. Sun: $$\sum _{k=0}^{(p^r-1)/2}\frac{1}{8^k}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{2k}{k}\right)\equiv \left(\frac{2}{p^r}\right)(mod{p}^2)\text{and}\sum _{k=0}^{(p^r-1)/2}\frac{1}{{16}^k}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{2k}{k}\right)\equiv \left(\frac{3}{p^r}\right)(mod{p}^2),$$ where $p$ is an odd prime, $r$ is a positive integer, and $\left(\frac{m}{n}\right)$ is the Jacobi symbol. The proofs of them require the use of some curious $q$-series identities, two of which are related to Franklin’s involution on partitions into distinct parts. We also confirm a conjecture of the latter author and Zeng in 2012.