Exponential sums with coefficients or and concentrated norms
A sum of exponentials of the form , where the are distinct integers is called an (because the convolution of with itself is ) or, simply, an . We show that for every and every set of the torus with there are idempotents concentrated on in the sense. More precisely, for each there is an constant so that for each with and one can find an idempotent such that the ratio is greater than . This is in fact a lower bound result and, though optimal, it is close to the...