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We introduce and study a new class of ring extensions based on a new formula involving the heights of their primes. We compare them with the classical altitude inequality and altitude formula, and we give another characterization of locally Jaffard domains, and domains satisfying absolutely the altitude inequality (resp., the altitude formula). Then we study the extensions R ⊆ S where R satisfies the corresponding condition with respect to S (Definition 3.1). This leads to a new characterization...

A domain R is called a maximal "non-S" subring of a field L if R ⊂ L, R is not an S-domain and each domain T such that R ⊂ T ⊆ L is an S-domain. We show that maximal "non-S" subrings R of a field L are the integrally closed pseudo-valuation domains satisfying dim(R) = 1, dim(R) = 2 and L = qf(R).

A domain R is called an absolutely S-domain (for short, AS-domain) if each domain T such that R ⊆ T ⊆ qf(R) is an S-domain. We show that R is an AS-domain if and only if for each valuation overring V of R and each height one prime ideal q of V, the extension R/(q ∩ R) ⊆ V/q is algebraic. A Noetherian domain R is an AS-domain if and only if dim (R) ≤ 1. In Section 2, we study a class of R-subalgebras of R[X] which share many spectral properties with the polynomial ring R[X] and which we call pseudo-polynomial...

In this paper, we deal with the study of intermediate domains between a domain $R$ and a domain $T$ such that $T$ is an intersection of localizations of $R$, namely the pair $\left(R,T\right)$. More precisely, we study the pair $\left(R,R_d\right)$ and the pair $\left(R,\tilde{R}\right)$, where $R_d=\cap \left\{R_M\mid M\in \text{Max}\left(R\right),htM=dimR\right\}$ and $\tilde{R}=\cap \left\{R_M\mid M\in \text{Max}\left(R\right),htM\ge 2\right\}$. We prove that, if $R$ is a Jaffard domain, then $\left(R,R_d\left[n\right]\right)$ is a Jaffard pair, which generalize [5, Théorème 1.9]. We also show that if $R$ is an $S$-domain, then $\left(R,\tilde{R}\right)$ is a residually algebraic pair (that is for each intermediate domain $S$ between $R$ and $\tilde{R}$, if $Q$ is a prime ideal of $S$...