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The objective of this manuscript is to investigate the structure of linear maps on the space of real symmetric matrices ${𝒮}^n$ that leave invariant the closed convex cones of copositive and completely positive matrices (${\mathrm{COP}}_n$ and ${\mathrm{CP}}_n$). A description of an invertible linear map on ${𝒮}^n$ such that $L\left({\mathrm{CP}}_n\right)\subset C{P}_n$ is obtained in terms of semipositive maps over the positive semidefinite cone ${𝒮}_{+}^n$ and the cone of symmetric nonnegative matrices ${𝒩}_{+}^n$ for $n\le 4$, with specific calculations for $n=2$. Preserver properties of the Lyapunov map $X\mapsto AX+X{A}^t$, the...