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Let X = (Xₜ,ℱₜ) be a continuous BMO-martingale, that is, ${\left|\right|X\left|\right|}_{BMO}\equiv su{p}_T\left|\right|E\left[\right|X_{\infty }-X_T\left|\right|{ℱ}_T{\left]\right||}_{\infty }<\infty$, where the supremum is taken over all stopping times T. Define the critical exponent b(X) by $b\left(X\right)=b>0:su{p}_T\left|\right|E\left[exp\left(b²(⟨X{⟩}_{\infty }-⟨X{⟩}_T)\right)\right|{ℱ}_T]{\left|\right|}_{\infty }<\infty$, where the supremum is taken over all stopping times T. Consider the continuous martingale q(X) defined by $q\left(X\right)ₜ=E\left[⟨X{⟩}_{\infty }\right|ℱₜ]-E\left[⟨X{⟩}_{\infty }\right|ℱ₀]$. We use q(X) to characterize the distance between ⟨X⟩ and the class $L^{\infty }$ of all bounded martingales in the space of continuous BMO-martingales, and we show that the inequalities $1/4d₁(q\left(X\right),L^{\infty })\le b\left(X\right)\le 4/d₁(q\left(X\right),L^{\infty })$ hold for every continuous BMO-martingale X.

Let $B^{H_i,K_i}=\{B_t^{H_i,K_i},t\ge 0\}$, $i=1,2$ be two independent, $d$-dimensional bifractional Brownian motions with respective indices $H_i\in (0,1)$ and $K_i\in (0,1]$. Assume $d\ge 2$. One of the main motivations of this paper is to investigate smoothness of the collision local time $${\ell }_T={\int }_0^T\delta (B_s^{H_1,K_1}-B_s^{H_2,K_2})\mathrm{d}s,T>0,$$ where $\delta$ denotes the Dirac delta function. By an elementary method we show that ${\ell }_T$ is smooth in the sense of Meyer-Watanabe if and only if $min\{H_1{K}_1,H_2{K}_2\}<1/(d+2)$.