Hopfian and strongly hopfian manifolds
Let p: M → B be a proper surjective map defined on an (n+2)-manifold such that each point-preimage is a copy of a hopfian n-manifold. Then we show that p is an approximate fibration over some dense open subset O of the mod 2 continuity set C’ and C’ ∖ O is locally finite. As an application, we show that a hopfian n-manifold N is a codimension-2 fibrator if χ(N) ≠ 0 or