Displaying similar documents to “How to build billiard words using decimations”

On some problems related to palindrome closure

Michelangelo Bucci, Aldo de Luca, Alessandro De Luca, Luca Q. Zamboni (2008)

RAIRO - Theoretical Informatics and Applications

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In this paper, we solve some open problems related to (pseudo)palindrome closure operators and to the infinite words generated by their iteration, that is, standard episturmian and pseudostandard words. We show that if is an involutory antimorphism of , then the right and left -palindromic closures of any factor of a -standard word are also factors of some -standard word. We also introduce the class of pseudostandard words with “seed”, obtained by iterated pseudopalindrome closure...

On Christoffel classes

Jean-Pierre Borel, Christophe Reutenauer (2006)

RAIRO - Theoretical Informatics and Applications - Informatique Théorique et Applications

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We characterize conjugation classes of Christoffel words (equivalently of standard words) by the number of factors. We give several geometric proofs of classical results on these words and sturmian words.

Directive words of episturmian words : equivalences and normalization

Amy Glen, Florence Levé, Gwénaël Richomme (2009)

RAIRO - Theoretical Informatics and Applications - Informatique Théorique et Applications

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Episturmian morphisms constitute a powerful tool to study episturmian words. Indeed, any episturmian word can be infinitely decomposed over the set of pure episturmian morphisms. Thus, an episturmian word can be defined by one of its morphic decompositions or, equivalently, by a certain directive word. Here we characterize pairs of words directing the same episturmian word. We also propose a way to uniquely define any episturmian word through a normalization of its directive words. As...

Standard factors of Sturmian words

Gwénaël Richomme, Kalle Saari, Luca Q. Zamboni (2010)

RAIRO - Theoretical Informatics and Applications

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Among the various ways to construct a characteristic Sturmian word, one of the most used consists in defining an infinite sequence of prefixes that are standard. Nevertheless in any characteristic word , some standard words occur that are not prefixes of . We characterize all standard words occurring in any characteristic word (and so in any Sturmian word) using firstly morphisms, then standard prefixes and finally palindromes.

Morphisms fixing words associated with exchange of three intervals

Petr Ambrož, Zuzana Masáková, Edita Pelantová (2010)

RAIRO - Theoretical Informatics and Applications

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We consider words coding exchange of three intervals with permutation (3,2,1), here called 3iet words. Recently, a characterization of substitution invariant 3iet words was provided. We study the opposite question: what are the morphisms fixing a 3iet word? We reveal a narrow connection of such morphisms and morphisms fixing Sturmian words using the new notion of amicability.

Episturmian words: a survey

Amy Glen, Jacques Justin (2009)

RAIRO - Theoretical Informatics and Applications

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In this paper, we survey the rich theory of infinite which generalize to any finite alphabet, in a rather resembling way, the well-known family of on two letters. After recalling definitions and basic properties, we consider that allow for a deeper study of these words. Some properties of factors are described, including factor complexity, palindromes, fractional powers, frequencies, and return words. We also consider lexicographical properties of episturmian words, as well as their...