Convergence rates of symplectic Pontryagin approximations in optimal control theory

Mattias Sandberg; Anders Szepessy

ESAIM: Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Analysis (2006)

  • Volume: 40, Issue: 1, page 149-173
  • ISSN: 0764-583X

Abstract

top
Many inverse problems for differential equations can be formulated as optimal control problems. It is well known that inverse problems often need to be regularized to obtain good approximations. This work presents a systematic method to regularize and to establish error estimates for approximations to some control problems in high dimension, based on symplectic approximation of the Hamiltonian system for the control problem. In particular the work derives error estimates and constructs regularizations for numerical approximations to optimally controlled ordinary differential equations in ℝ d , with non smooth control. Though optimal controls in general become non smooth, viscosity solutions to the corresponding Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation provide good theoretical foundation, but poor computational efficiency in high dimensions. The computational method here uses the adjoint variable and works efficiently also for high dimensional problems with d >> 1. Controls can be discontinuous due to a lack of regularity in the Hamiltonian or due to colliding backward paths, i.e. shocks. The error analysis, for both these cases, is based on consistency with the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation, in the viscosity solution sense, and a discrete Pontryagin principle: the bi-characteristic Hamiltonian ODE system is solved with a C2 approximate Hamiltonian.
The error analysis leads to estimates useful also in high dimensions since the bounds depend on the Lipschitz norms of the Hamiltonian and the gradient of the value function but not on d explicitly. Applications to inverse implied volatility estimation, in mathematical finance, and to a topology optimization problem are presented. An advantage with the Pontryagin based method is that the Newton method can be applied to efficiently solve the discrete nonlinear Hamiltonian system, with a sparse Jacobian that can be calculated explicitly.

How to cite

top

Sandberg, Mattias, and Szepessy, Anders. "Convergence rates of symplectic Pontryagin approximations in optimal control theory." ESAIM: Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Analysis 40.1 (2006): 149-173. <http://eudml.org/doc/249697>.

@article{Sandberg2006,
abstract = { Many inverse problems for differential equations can be formulated as optimal control problems. It is well known that inverse problems often need to be regularized to obtain good approximations. This work presents a systematic method to regularize and to establish error estimates for approximations to some control problems in high dimension, based on symplectic approximation of the Hamiltonian system for the control problem. In particular the work derives error estimates and constructs regularizations for numerical approximations to optimally controlled ordinary differential equations in $\{\mathbb R\}^d$, with non smooth control. Though optimal controls in general become non smooth, viscosity solutions to the corresponding Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation provide good theoretical foundation, but poor computational efficiency in high dimensions. The computational method here uses the adjoint variable and works efficiently also for high dimensional problems with d >> 1. Controls can be discontinuous due to a lack of regularity in the Hamiltonian or due to colliding backward paths, i.e. shocks. The error analysis, for both these cases, is based on consistency with the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation, in the viscosity solution sense, and a discrete Pontryagin principle: the bi-characteristic Hamiltonian ODE system is solved with a C2 approximate Hamiltonian.
The error analysis leads to estimates useful also in high dimensions since the bounds depend on the Lipschitz norms of the Hamiltonian and the gradient of the value function but not on d explicitly. Applications to inverse implied volatility estimation, in mathematical finance, and to a topology optimization problem are presented. An advantage with the Pontryagin based method is that the Newton method can be applied to efficiently solve the discrete nonlinear Hamiltonian system, with a sparse Jacobian that can be calculated explicitly. },
author = {Sandberg, Mattias, Szepessy, Anders},
journal = {ESAIM: Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Analysis},
keywords = {Optimal control; Hamilton-Jacobi; Hamiltonian system; Pontryagin principle.; optimal control; Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation; Pontryagin principle; viscosity solutions; regularization; inverse problems; error analysis},
language = {eng},
month = {2},
number = {1},
pages = {149-173},
publisher = {EDP Sciences},
title = {Convergence rates of symplectic Pontryagin approximations in optimal control theory},
url = {http://eudml.org/doc/249697},
volume = {40},
year = {2006},
}

TY - JOUR
AU - Sandberg, Mattias
AU - Szepessy, Anders
TI - Convergence rates of symplectic Pontryagin approximations in optimal control theory
JO - ESAIM: Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Analysis
DA - 2006/2//
PB - EDP Sciences
VL - 40
IS - 1
SP - 149
EP - 173
AB - Many inverse problems for differential equations can be formulated as optimal control problems. It is well known that inverse problems often need to be regularized to obtain good approximations. This work presents a systematic method to regularize and to establish error estimates for approximations to some control problems in high dimension, based on symplectic approximation of the Hamiltonian system for the control problem. In particular the work derives error estimates and constructs regularizations for numerical approximations to optimally controlled ordinary differential equations in ${\mathbb R}^d$, with non smooth control. Though optimal controls in general become non smooth, viscosity solutions to the corresponding Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation provide good theoretical foundation, but poor computational efficiency in high dimensions. The computational method here uses the adjoint variable and works efficiently also for high dimensional problems with d >> 1. Controls can be discontinuous due to a lack of regularity in the Hamiltonian or due to colliding backward paths, i.e. shocks. The error analysis, for both these cases, is based on consistency with the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation, in the viscosity solution sense, and a discrete Pontryagin principle: the bi-characteristic Hamiltonian ODE system is solved with a C2 approximate Hamiltonian.
The error analysis leads to estimates useful also in high dimensions since the bounds depend on the Lipschitz norms of the Hamiltonian and the gradient of the value function but not on d explicitly. Applications to inverse implied volatility estimation, in mathematical finance, and to a topology optimization problem are presented. An advantage with the Pontryagin based method is that the Newton method can be applied to efficiently solve the discrete nonlinear Hamiltonian system, with a sparse Jacobian that can be calculated explicitly.
LA - eng
KW - Optimal control; Hamilton-Jacobi; Hamiltonian system; Pontryagin principle.; optimal control; Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation; Pontryagin principle; viscosity solutions; regularization; inverse problems; error analysis
UR - http://eudml.org/doc/249697
ER -

References

top
  1. Y. Achdou and O. Pironneau, Volatility smile by multilevel least square. Int. J. Theor. Appl. Finance5 (2002) 619–643.  
  2. G. Barles, Solutions de viscosité des équations de Hamilton-Jacobi. Springer-Verlag, Paris. Math. Appl. (Berlin) 17 (1994).  
  3. G. Barles and E. Jakobsen, On the convergence rate of approximation schemes for Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations. ESAIM: M2AN36 (2002) 33–54.  
  4. E. Barron and R. Jensen, The Pontryagin maximum principle from dynamic programming and viscosity solutions to first-order partial differential equations. Trans. Amer. Math. Soc.298 (1986) 635–641.  
  5. M. Bardi and I. Capuzzo-Dolcetta, Optimal Control and Viscosity Solutions of Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman Equations, with appendices by M. Falcone and P. Soravia, Systems and Control: Foundations and Applications. Birkhäuser Boston, Inc., Boston, MA (1997).  
  6. P. Cannarsa and H. Frankowska, Some characterizations of the optimal trajectories in control theory. SIAM J. Control Optim.29 (1991) 1322–1347.  
  7. P. Cannarsa, A. Mennucci and C. Sinestrari, Regularity results for solutions of a class of Hamilton-Jacobi equations. Arch. Rational Mech. Anal.140 (1997) 197–223.  
  8. J. Carlsson, M. Sandberg and A. Szepessy, Symplectic Pontryagin approximations for optimal design, preprint www.nada.kth.se/~szepessy.  
  9. M. Crandall and P.-L. Lions, Viscosity solutions of Hamilton-Jacobi equations. Trans. Amer. Math. Soc.277 (1983) 1–42.  
  10. M. Crandall and P.-L. Lions, Two approximations of solutions of Hamilton-Jacobi equations. Math. Comp.43 (1984) 1–19.  
  11. M. Crandall, L.C. Evans and P.-L. Lions, Some properties of viscosity solutions of Hamilton-Jacobi equations. Trans. Amer. Math. Soc.282 (1984) 487–502.  
  12. B. Dupire, Pricing with a smile. Risk (1994) 18–20.  
  13. H. Engl, M. Hanke and A. Neubauer, Regularization of Inverse Problems. Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, Dordrecht. Math. Appl.375 (1996).  
  14. L.C. Evans, Partial Differential Equations. Graduate Studies in Mathematics, 19. American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI (1998).  
  15. M. Falcone and R. Ferretti, Semi-Lagrangian schemes for Hamilton-Jacobi equations, discrete representation formulae and Godunov methods. J. Comput. Phys.175 (2002) 559–575.  
  16. H. Frankowska, Contigent cones to reachable sets of control systems. SIAM J. Control Optim.27 (1989) 170–198.  
  17. R. Glowinski and J.-L. Lions, Exact and approximate controllability for distributed parameter systems. Acta numerica (1994), 269–378, Acta Numer., Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge (1994).  
  18. R. Glowinski and J.-L. Lions, Exact and approximate controllability for distributed parameter systems. Acta numerica (1995), 159–333, Acta Numer., Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge (1995).  
  19. E. Harrier, C. Lubich and G. Wanner, Geometric Numerical Integrators: Structure Preserving Algorithms for Ordinary Differential Equations, Springer (2002).  
  20. C.-T. Lin and E. Tadmor, L1-stability and error estimates for approximate Hamilton-Jacobi solutions. Numer. Math.87 (2001) 701–735.  
  21. B. Mohammadi and O. Pironneau, Applied Shape Optimization for Fluids. Numerical Mathematics and Scientific Computation. Oxford Science Publications. The Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press, New York (2001).  
  22. P. Pedregal, Optimization, relaxation and Young measures. Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. (N.S.) 36 (1999) 27–58.  
  23. E. Polak, Optimization, Algorithms and Consistent Approximations, Springer-Verlag, New York. Appl. Math. Sci.124. (1997).  
  24. L.S. Pontryagin, V.G. Boltyanskii, R.V. Gamkrelidze and E.F. Mishchenko, The Mathematical Theory of Optimal Processes, Pergamon Press (1964).  
  25. M. Sandberg, Convergence rates for Euler approximation of non convex differential inclusions, work in progress.  
  26. M. Sandberg, Convergence rates for Symplectic Euler approximations of the Ginzburg-Landau equation, work in progress.  
  27. P. Souganidis, Existence of viscosity solutions of Hamilton-Jacobi equations. J. Differential Equations56 (1985) 345–390.  
  28. A. Subbotin, Generalized Solutions of First-Order PDEs. The Dynamical Optimization Perspective. Translated from the Russian. Systems & Control: Foundations & Applications. Birkhäuser Boston, Inc., Boston, MA (1995).  
  29. C. Vogel, Computational Methods for Inverse Problems. Frontiers in Applied Mathematics. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM), Philadelphia, PA (2002).  
  30. L.C. Young, Lectures on the Calculus of Variations and Optimal Control Theory. Saunders Co., Philadelphia-London-Toronto, Ont. (1969).  

NotesEmbed ?

top

You must be logged in to post comments.

To embed these notes on your page include the following JavaScript code on your page where you want the notes to appear.

Only the controls for the widget will be shown in your chosen language. Notes will be shown in their authored language.

Tells the widget how many notes to show per page. You can cycle through additional notes using the next and previous controls.

    
                

                
Note: Best practice suggests putting the JavaScript code just before the closing </body> tag.