Free boundary problems and transonic shocks for the Euler equations in unbounded domains

Gui-Qiang Chen[1]; Mikhail Feldman[2]

  • [1] Department of Mathematics Northwestern University Evanston, IL 60208-2730, USA
  • [2] Department of Mathematics University of Wisconsin Madison, WI 53706-1388, USA

Annali della Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa - Classe di Scienze (2004)

  • Volume: 3, Issue: 4, page 827-869
  • ISSN: 0391-173X

Abstract

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We establish the existence and stability of multidimensional transonic shocks (hyperbolic-elliptic shocks), which are not nearly orthogonal to the flow direction, for the Euler equations for steady compressible potential fluids in unbounded domains in ℝ n , n ≥ 3 . The Euler equations can be written as a second order nonlinear equation of mixed hyperbolic-elliptic type for the velocity potential. The transonic shock problem can be formulated into the following free boundary problem: The free boundary is the location of the multidimensional transonic shock which divides two regions of C 2 , α flow, and the equation is hyperbolic in the upstream region where the C 2 , α perturbed flow is supersonic. In this paper, we develop a new approach to deal with such free boundary problems and establish the existence and stability of multidimensional transonic shocks near planes. We first reformulate the free boundary problem into a fixed conormal boundary value problem for a nonlinear elliptic equation of second order in unbounded domains and then develop techniques to solve this elliptic problem. Our results indicate that there exists a solution of the free boundary problem such that the equation is always elliptic in the unbounded downstream region, the uniform velocity state at infinity in the downstream direction is equal to the unperturbed downstream velocity state, and the free boundary is C 2 , α , provided that the hyperbolic phase is close in C 2 , α to a uniform flow. We further prove that the free boundary is stable under the C 2 , α steady perturbation of the hyperbolic phase. Moreover, we extend our existence results to the case that the regularity of the steady perturbation is only C 1 , 1 , and we introduce another simpler approach to deal with the existence and stability problem when the regularity of the steady perturbation is C 3 , α or higher. We also establish the existence and stability of multidimensional transonic shocks near spheres in ℝ n .

How to cite

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Chen, Gui-Qiang, and Feldman, Mikhail. "Free boundary problems and transonic shocks for the Euler equations in unbounded domains." Annali della Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa - Classe di Scienze 3.4 (2004): 827-869. <http://eudml.org/doc/84550>.

@article{Chen2004,
abstract = {We establish the existence and stability of multidimensional transonic shocks (hyperbolic-elliptic shocks), which are not nearly orthogonal to the flow direction, for the Euler equations for steady compressible potential fluids in unbounded domains in $\mathbb \{R\}^n, n\ge 3$. The Euler equations can be written as a second order nonlinear equation of mixed hyperbolic-elliptic type for the velocity potential. The transonic shock problem can be formulated into the following free boundary problem: The free boundary is the location of the multidimensional transonic shock which divides two regions of $C^\{2,\alpha \}$ flow, and the equation is hyperbolic in the upstream region where the $C^\{2,\alpha \}$ perturbed flow is supersonic. In this paper, we develop a new approach to deal with such free boundary problems and establish the existence and stability of multidimensional transonic shocks near planes. We first reformulate the free boundary problem into a fixed conormal boundary value problem for a nonlinear elliptic equation of second order in unbounded domains and then develop techniques to solve this elliptic problem. Our results indicate that there exists a solution of the free boundary problem such that the equation is always elliptic in the unbounded downstream region, the uniform velocity state at infinity in the downstream direction is equal to the unperturbed downstream velocity state, and the free boundary is $C^\{2,\alpha \}$, provided that the hyperbolic phase is close in $C^\{2,\alpha \}$ to a uniform flow. We further prove that the free boundary is stable under the $C^\{2,\alpha \}$ steady perturbation of the hyperbolic phase. Moreover, we extend our existence results to the case that the regularity of the steady perturbation is only $C^\{1,1\}$, and we introduce another simpler approach to deal with the existence and stability problem when the regularity of the steady perturbation is $C^\{3,\alpha \}$ or higher. We also establish the existence and stability of multidimensional transonic shocks near spheres in $\mathbb \{R\}^n$.},
affiliation = {Department of Mathematics Northwestern University Evanston, IL 60208-2730, USA; Department of Mathematics University of Wisconsin Madison, WI 53706-1388, USA},
author = {Chen, Gui-Qiang, Feldman, Mikhail},
journal = {Annali della Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa - Classe di Scienze},
language = {eng},
number = {4},
pages = {827-869},
publisher = {Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa},
title = {Free boundary problems and transonic shocks for the Euler equations in unbounded domains},
url = {http://eudml.org/doc/84550},
volume = {3},
year = {2004},
}

TY - JOUR
AU - Chen, Gui-Qiang
AU - Feldman, Mikhail
TI - Free boundary problems and transonic shocks for the Euler equations in unbounded domains
JO - Annali della Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa - Classe di Scienze
PY - 2004
PB - Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa
VL - 3
IS - 4
SP - 827
EP - 869
AB - We establish the existence and stability of multidimensional transonic shocks (hyperbolic-elliptic shocks), which are not nearly orthogonal to the flow direction, for the Euler equations for steady compressible potential fluids in unbounded domains in $\mathbb {R}^n, n\ge 3$. The Euler equations can be written as a second order nonlinear equation of mixed hyperbolic-elliptic type for the velocity potential. The transonic shock problem can be formulated into the following free boundary problem: The free boundary is the location of the multidimensional transonic shock which divides two regions of $C^{2,\alpha }$ flow, and the equation is hyperbolic in the upstream region where the $C^{2,\alpha }$ perturbed flow is supersonic. In this paper, we develop a new approach to deal with such free boundary problems and establish the existence and stability of multidimensional transonic shocks near planes. We first reformulate the free boundary problem into a fixed conormal boundary value problem for a nonlinear elliptic equation of second order in unbounded domains and then develop techniques to solve this elliptic problem. Our results indicate that there exists a solution of the free boundary problem such that the equation is always elliptic in the unbounded downstream region, the uniform velocity state at infinity in the downstream direction is equal to the unperturbed downstream velocity state, and the free boundary is $C^{2,\alpha }$, provided that the hyperbolic phase is close in $C^{2,\alpha }$ to a uniform flow. We further prove that the free boundary is stable under the $C^{2,\alpha }$ steady perturbation of the hyperbolic phase. Moreover, we extend our existence results to the case that the regularity of the steady perturbation is only $C^{1,1}$, and we introduce another simpler approach to deal with the existence and stability problem when the regularity of the steady perturbation is $C^{3,\alpha }$ or higher. We also establish the existence and stability of multidimensional transonic shocks near spheres in $\mathbb {R}^n$.
LA - eng
UR - http://eudml.org/doc/84550
ER -

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