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Let $R$ be a commutative ring with unity. The notion of maximal non $\lambda$-subrings is introduced and studied. A ring $R$ is called a maximal non $\lambda$-subring of a ring $T$ if $R\subset T$ is not a $\lambda$-extension, and for any ring $S$ such that $R\subset S\subseteq T$, $S\subseteq T$ is a $\lambda$-extension. We show that a maximal non $\lambda$-subring $R$ of a field has at most two maximal ideals, and exactly two if $R$ is integrally closed in the given field. A determination of when the classical $D+M$ construction is a maximal non $\lambda$-domain is given. A necessary condition is given...

Let $R$ be a commutative ring with identity. If a ring $R$ is contained in an arbitrary union of rings, then $R$ is contained in one of them under various conditions. Similarly, if an arbitrary intersection of rings is contained in $R$, then $R$ contains one of them under various conditions.

Let $R$ be a commutative ring with unity. The notion of maximal non valuation domain in an integral domain is introduced and characterized. A proper subring $R$ of an integral domain $S$ is called a maximal non valuation domain in $S$ if $R$ is not a valuation subring of $S$, and for any ring $T$ such that $R\subset T\subset S$, $T$ is a valuation subring of $S$. For a local domain $S$, the equivalence of an integrally closed maximal non VD in $S$ and a maximal non local subring of $S$ is established. The relation between $dim(R,S)$ and the number...