Consider a second-order elliptic boundary value problem in three dimensions with locally smooth coefficients and solution. Discuss local superconvergence estimates for the tensor-product finite element approximation on a regular family of rectangular meshes. It will be shown that, by the estimates for the discrete Green’s function and discrete derivative Green’s function, and the relationship of norms in the finite element space such as -norms, -norms, and negative-norms in locally smooth subsets...
In this paper we establish a new local convergence theorem for partial sums of arbitrary stochastic adapted sequences. As corollaries, we generalize some recently obtained results and prove a limit theorem for the entropy density of an arbitrary information source, which is an extension of case of nonhomogeneous Markov chains.
Design of a state observer is an important issue in control systems and signal processing. It is well known that it is difficult to obtain the desired properties of state feedback control if some or all of the system states cannot be directly measured. Moreover, the existence of a lumped perturbation and/or a time delay usually reduces the system performance or even produces an instability in the closed-loop system. Therefore, in this paper, a new Variable Structure Observer (VSO) is proposed for...
Many real-world systems contain uncertainties and with time-varying delays, also, they have become larger and more complicated. Hence, a new decentralized variable structure control law is proposed for a class of uncertain large-scale system with time varying delay in the interconnection and time varying unmatched uncertainties in the state matrix. The proposed decentralized control law for the large-scale time-varying delay system is realized independently through the delayed terms and it can drive...
Recently, Drygaś generalized nullnorms and t-operators and introduced semi-t-operators by eliminating commutativity from the axiom of t-operators. This paper is devoted to the study of the discrete counterpart of semi-t-operators on a finite totally ordered set. A characterization of semi-t-operators on a finite totally ordered set is given. Moreover, The relations among nullnorms, t-operators, semi-t-operators and pseudo-t-operators (i. e., commutative semi-t-operators) on a finite totally ordered...
A uni-nullnorm is a special case of 2-uninorms obtained by letting a uninorm and a nullnorm share the same underlying t-conorm. This paper is mainly devoted to solving the distributivity equation between uni-nullnorms with continuous Archimedean underlying t-norms and t-conorms and some binary operators, such as, continuous t-norms, continuous t-conorms, uninorms, and nullnorms. The new results differ from the previous ones about the distributivity in the class of 2-uninorms, which have not yet...
Uninorms, as binary operations on the unit interval, have been widely applied in information aggregation. The class of almost equitable uninorms appears when the contradictory information is aggregated. It is proved that among various uninorms of which either underlying t-norm or t-conorm is continuous, only the representable uninorms belong to the class of almost equitable uninorms. As a byproduct, a characterization for the class of representable uninorms is obtained.
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