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V článku motivujeme a vysvětlíme základy Langlandsova programu, sítě domněnek propojujících řadu různých oblastí matematiky. Během toho se také setkáme s Riemannovou hypotézou a domněnkou Birche a Swinnerton-Dyera, dvěma ze sedmi problémů tisíciletí vyhlášených Clayovým matematickým institutem.
Abhyankar proved that every field of finite transcendence degree over or over a finite field is a homomorphic image of a subring of the ring of polynomials (for some depending on the field). We conjecture that his result cannot be substantially strengthened and show that our conjecture implies a well-known conjecture on the additive idempotence of semifields that are finitely generated as semirings.
Many infinite finitely generated ideal-simple commutative semirings are additively idempotent. It is not clear whether this is true in general. However, to solve the problem, one can restrict oneself only to parasemifields.
Parasemifields (i.e., commutative semirings whose multiplicative semigroups are groups) are considered in more detail. We show that if a parasemifield contains as a subparasemifield and is generated by , , as a semiring, then is (as a semiring) not finitely generated.
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