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Let $𝒜$ and $ℬ$ be abelian categories with enough projective and injective objects, and $T:𝒜\to ℬ$ a left exact additive functor. Then one has a comma category $\left(ℬ\downarrow T\right)$. It is shown that if $T:𝒜\to ℬ$ is $𝒳$-exact, then ${(}^{\perp }𝒳,𝒳)$ is a (hereditary) cotorsion pair in $𝒜$ and ${(}^{\perp }𝒴,𝒴)$) is a (hereditary) cotorsion pair in $ℬ$ if and only if $\left(\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{{}^{\perp }𝒳}{{}^{\perp }𝒴}\right)\right),\langle 𝐡(𝒳,𝒴)\rangle )$ is a (hereditary) cotorsion pair in $\left(ℬ\downarrow T\right)$ and $𝒳$ and $𝒴$ are closed under extensions. Furthermore, we characterize when special preenveloping classes in abelian categories $𝒜$ and $ℬ$ can induce special preenveloping classes...

Given a graph $G$, if there is no nonisomorphic graph $H$ such that $G$ and $H$ have the same signless Laplacian spectra, then we say that $G$ is $Q$-DS. In this paper we show that every fan graph $F_n$ is $Q$-DS, where $F_n=K_1\vee P_{n-1}$ and $n\ge 3$.

This work explores commutative semi-uninorms on finite chains by means of strictly increasing unary functions and the usual addition. In this paper, there are three families of additively generated commutative semi-uninorms. We not only study the structures and properties of semi-uninorms in each family but also show the relationship among these three families. In addition, this work provides the characterizations of uninorms in ${𝒰}_{min}$ and ${𝒰}_{max}$ that are generated by additive generators.