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Let $C_{\alpha }$ be the Riesz capacity of order α, 0 < α < n, in ℝⁿ. We consider the Riesz capacity density $̲(C_{\alpha },E,r)=in{f}_{x\in ℝⁿ}{C}_{\alpha }\left(E\cap B(x,r)\right)/C_{\alpha }\left(B(x,r)\right)$ for a Borel set E ⊂ ℝⁿ, where B(x,r) stands for the open ball with center at x and radius r. In case 0 < α ≤ 2, we show that $li{m}_{r\to \infty }̲(C_{\alpha },E,r)$ is either 0 or 1; the first case occurs if and only if $̲(C_{\alpha },E,r)$ is identically zero for all r > 0. Moreover, it is shown that the densities with respect to more general open sets enjoy the same dichotomy. A decay estimate for α-capacitary potentials is also obtained.

We introduce new classes of domains, semi-uniform domains and inner semi-uniform domains. Both of them are intermediate between the class of John domains and the class of uniform domains. Under the capacity density condition, we show that the harmonic measure of a John domain $D$ satisfies certain doubling conditions if and only if $D$ is a semi-uniform domain or an inner semi-uniform domain.