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Comparison between two types of large sample covariance matrices

Guangming Pan — 2014

Annales de l'I.H.P. Probabilités et statistiques

Let { X i j } , i , j = , be a double array of independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) real random variables with E X 11 = μ , E | X 11 - μ | 2 = 1 and E | X 11 | 4 l t ; . Consider sample covariance matrices (with/without empirical centering) 𝒮 = 1 n j = 1 n ( 𝐬 j - 𝐬 ¯ ) ( 𝐬 j - 𝐬 ¯ ) T and 𝐒 = 1 n j = 1 n 𝐬 j 𝐬 j T , where 𝐬 ¯ = 1 n j = 1 n 𝐬 j and 𝐬 j = 𝐓 n 1 / 2 ( X 1 j , ... , X p j ) T with ( 𝐓 n 1 / 2 ) 2 = 𝐓 n , non-random symmetric non-negative definite matrix. It is proved that central limit theorems of eigenvalue statistics of 𝒮 and 𝐒 are different as n with p / n approaching a positive constant. Moreover, it is also proved that such a different behavior is not observed in the average behavior...

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