Rational Points on Certain Hyperelliptic Curves over Finite Fields

Maciej Ulas

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Rational points on curves

Michael Stoll (2011)

Journal de Théorie des Nombres de Bordeaux

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This is an extended version of an invited lecture I gave at the Journées Arithmétiques in St. Étienne in July 2009. We discuss the state of the art regarding the problem of finding the set of rational points on a (smooth projective) geometrically integral curve $C$ over $ℚ$ . The focus is on practical aspects of this problem in the case that the genus of $C$ is at least $2$ , and therefore the set of rational points is finite.

Frobenius nonclassicality with respect to linear systems of curves of arbitrary degree

Nazar Arakelian, Herivelto Borges (2015)

Acta Arithmetica

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For each integer s ≥ 1, we present a family of curves that are $_{q}$ -Frobenius nonclassical with respect to the linear system of plane curves of degree s. In the case s=2, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for such curves to be $_{q}$ -Frobenius nonclassical with respect to the linear system of conics. In the $_{q}$ -Frobenius nonclassical cases, we determine the exact number of $_{q}$ -rational points. In the remaining cases, an upper bound for the number of $_{q}$ -rational points will follow from Stöhr-Voloch...

Greatest common divisors of $u - 1$ , $v - 1$ in positive characteristic and rational points on curves over finite fields

Pietro Corvaja, Umberto Zannier (2013)

Journal of the European Mathematical Society

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In our previous work we proved a bound for the $g c d (u - 1, v - 1)$ , for $S$ -units $u, v$ of a function field in characteristic zero. This generalized an analogous bound holding over number fields, proved in [3]. As pointed out by Silverman, the exact analogue does not work for function fields in positive characteristic. In the present work, we investigate possible extensions in that direction; it turns out that under suitable assumptions some of the results still hold. For instance we prove Theorems 2 and 3...

A note on Sierpiński's problem related to triangular numbers

Maciej Ulas (2009)

Colloquium Mathematicae

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We show that the system of equations $t_{x} + t_{y} = t_{p}, t_{y} + t_{z} = t_{q}, t_{x} + t_{z} = t_{r}$ , where $t_{x} = x (x + 1) / 2$ is a triangular number, has infinitely many solutions in integers. Moreover, we show that this system has a rational three-parameter solution. Using this result we show that the system $t_{x} + t_{y} = t_{p}, t_{y} + t_{z} = t_{q}, t_{x} + t_{z} = t_{r}, t_{x} + t_{y} + t_{z} = t_{s}$ has infinitely many rational two-parameter solutions.

Rational solutions of certain Diophantine equations involving norms

Maciej Ulas (2014)

Acta Arithmetica

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We present some results concerning the unirationality of the algebraic variety $_{f}$ given by the equation $N_{K / k} (X ₁ + α X ₂ + α ² X ₃) = f (t)$ , where k is a number field, K=k(α), α is a root of an irreducible polynomial h(x) = x³ + ax + b ∈ k[x] and f ∈ k[t]. We are mainly interested in the case of pure cubic extensions, i.e. a = 0 and b ∈ k∖k³. We prove that if deg f = 4 and $_{f}$ contains a k-rational point (x₀,y₀,z₀,t₀) with f(t₀)≠0, then $_{f}$ is k-unirational. A similar result is proved for a broad family of quintic polynomials...

Composite rational functions expressible with few terms

Clemens Fuchs, Umberto Zannier (2012)

Journal of the European Mathematical Society

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We consider a rational function $f$ which is ‘lacunary’ in the sense that it can be expressed as the ratio of two polynomials (not necessarily coprime) having each at most a given number $ℓ$ of terms. Then we look at the possible decompositions $f (x) = g (h (x))$ , where $g, h$ are rational functions of degree larger than 1. We prove that, apart from certain exceptional cases which we completely describe, the degree of $g$ is bounded only in terms of $ℓ$ (and we provide explicit bounds). This supports and quantifies...

Rational points on $X_{0}^{+} (p^{r})$

Yuri Bilu, Pierre Parent, Marusia Rebolledo (2013)

Annales de l’institut Fourier

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Using the recent isogeny bounds due to Gaudron and Rémond we obtain the triviality of $X_{0}^{+} (p^{r}) (ℚ)$ , for $r > 1$ and $p$ a prime number exceeding $2 \cdot 10^{11}$ . This includes the case of the curves $X_{split} (p)$ . We then prove, with the help of computer calculations, that the same holds true for $p$ in the range $11 \leq p \leq 10^{14}$ , $p \neq 13$ . The combination of those results completes the qualitative study of rational points on $X_{0}^{+} (p^{r})$ undertook in our previous work, with the only exception of $p^{r} = 13^{2}$ .

The automorphism group of ${\bar{M}}_{0, n}$

Andrea Bruno, Massimiliano Mella (2013)

Journal of the European Mathematical Society

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The paper studies fiber type morphisms between moduli spaces of pointed rational curves. Via Kapranov’s description we are able to prove that the only such morphisms are forgetful maps. This allows us to show that the automorphism group of ${\bar{M}}_{0, n}$ is the permutation group on $n$ elements as soon as $n \geq 5$ .

An $a b c d$ theorem over function fields and applications

Pietro Corvaja, Umberto Zannier (2011)

Bulletin de la Société Mathématique de France

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We provide a lower bound for the number of distinct zeros of a sum $1 + u + v$ for two rational functions $u, v$ , in term of the degree of $u, v$ , which is sharp whenever $u, v$ have few distinct zeros and poles compared to their degree. This sharpens the “ $a b c d$ -theorem” of Brownawell-Masser and Voloch in some cases which are sufficient to obtain new finiteness results on diophantine equations over function fields. For instance, we show that the Fermat-type surface $x^{a} + y^{a} + z^{c} = 1$ contains only finitely many rational or elliptic...

Various subsemirings of the field $ℚ$ of rational numbers

Vítězslav Kala, Tomáš Kepka, Jon D. Phillips (2009)

Acta Universitatis Carolinae. Mathematica et Physica

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Varieties of minimal rational tangents of codimension 1

Jun-Muk Hwang (2013)

Annales scientifiques de l'École Normale Supérieure

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Let $X$ be a uniruled projective manifold and let $x$ be a general point. The main result of [2] says that if the $(- K_{X})$ -degrees (i.e., the degrees with respect to the anti-canonical bundle of $X$ ) of all rational curves through $x$ are at least $dim X + 1$ , then $X$ is a projective space. In this paper, we study the structure of $X$ when the $(- K_{X})$ -degrees of all rational curves through $x$ are at least $dim X$ . Our study uses the projective variety $𝒞_{x} \subset ℙ T_{x} (X)$ , called the VMRT at $x$ , defined as the union of tangent directions to the...

On arithmetic progressions on Edwards curves

Enrique González-Jiménez (2015)

Acta Arithmetica

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Let $m \in ℤ_{> 0}$ and a,q ∈ ℚ. Denote by $_{m} (a, q)$ the set of rational numbers d such that a, a + q, ..., a + (m-1)q form an arithmetic progression in the Edwards curve $E_{d} : x ² + y ² = 1 + d x ² y ²$ . We study the set $_{m} (a, q)$ and we parametrize it by the rational points of an algebraic curve.

On the value set of small families of polynomials over a finite field, II

Guillermo Matera, Mariana Pérez, Melina Privitelli (2014)

Acta Arithmetica

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We obtain an estimate on the average cardinality (d,s,a) of the value set of any family of monic polynomials in $_{q} [T]$ of degree d for which s consecutive coefficients $a = (a_{d - 1}, . . ., a_{d - s})$ are fixed. Our estimate asserts that $(d, s, a) = μ_{d} q + (q^{1 / 2})$ , where $μ_{d} : = \sum_{r = 1}^{d} ({(- 1)}^{r - 1}) / (r!)$ . We also prove that $₂ (d, s, a) = μ ²_{d} q ² + (q^{3 / 2})$ , where ₂(d,s,a) is the average second moment of the value set cardinalities for any family of monic polynomials of $_{q} [T]$ of degree d with s consecutive coefficients fixed as above. Finally, we show that $₂ (d, 0) = μ ²_{d} q ² + (q)$ , where ₂(d,0) denotes the average second moment for...