Independence of Equational Classes
According to S. Krstić, there are only four quadratic varieties which are closed under isotopy. We give a simple procedure generating quadratic identities and deciding which of the four varieties they define. There are about 37000 such identities with up to five variables.
A non-deterministic hypersubstitution maps any operation symbol of a tree language of type τ to a set of trees of the same type, i.e. to a tree language. Non-deterministic hypersubstitutions can be extended to mappings which map tree languages to tree languages preserving the arities. We define the application of a non-deterministic hypersubstitution to an algebra of type τ and obtain a class of derived algebras. Non-deterministic hypersubstitutions can also be applied to equations of type τ. Formally,...