Definable orthogonality classes in accessible categories are small
We lower substantially the strength of the assumptions needed for the validity of certain results in category theory and homotopy theory which were known to follow from Vopěnka’s principle. We prove that the necessary large-cardinal hypotheses depend on the complexity of the formulas defining the given classes, in the sense of the Lévy hierarchy. For example, the statement that, for a class of morphisms in a locally presentable category of structures, the orthogonal class of objects is a small-orthogonality...