A characterization of ...-classes of semigroups as partial groupoids.
We first recall Malgrange’s definition of -groupoid and we define a Galois -groupoid for -difference equations. Then, we compute explicitly the Galois -groupoid of a constant linear -difference system, and show that it corresponds to the -difference Galois group. Finally, we establish a conjugation between the Galois -groupoids of two equivalent constant linear -difference systems, and define a local Galois -groupoid for Fuchsian linear -difference systems by giving its realizations.
We discuss a concept of loopoid as a non-associative generalization of Brandt groupoid. We introduce and study also an interesting class of more general objects which we call semiloopoids. A differential version of loopoids is intended as a framework for Lagrangian discrete mechanics.