Obtuse triangular billiards. I: Near the triangle.
We show that all periods of periodic points forced by a pattern for interval maps are preserved for high-dimensional maps if the multidimensional perturbation is small. We also show that if an interval map has a fixed point associated with a homoclinic-like orbit then any small multidimensional perturbation has periodic points of all periods.
We prove some results concerning the entropy of Darboux (and almost continuous) functions. We first generalize some theorems valid for continuous functions, and then we study properties which are specific to Darboux functions. Finally, we give theorems on approximating almost continuous functions by functions with infinite entropy.
We study the preservation of the periodic orbits of an -monotone tree map in the class of all tree maps having a cycle with the same pattern as . We prove that there is a period-preserving injective map from the set of (almost all) periodic orbits of into the set of periodic orbits of each map in the class. Moreover, the relative positions of the corresponding orbits in the trees and (which need not be homeomorphic) are essentially preserved.
This paper is the first one of a series of two, in which we characterize a class of primary orbits of self maps of the 4-star with the branching point fixed. This class of orbits plays, for such maps, the same role as the directed primary orbits of self maps of the 3-star with the branching point fixed. Some of the primary orbits (namely, those having at most one coloured arrow) are characterized at once for the general case of n-star maps.
This paper is the second part of [2] and is devoted to the study of the spiral orbits of self maps of the 4-star with the branching point fixed, completing the characterization of the strongly directed primary orbits for such maps.