A natural characterization of nonlinear cost rules
We prove a new characterization of cost rules based on the relationship between the classes of unambiguous and nonwasteful assets in incomplete frictionless markets.
We prove a new characterization of cost rules based on the relationship between the classes of unambiguous and nonwasteful assets in incomplete frictionless markets.
We consider special events of Borel sets with the aim to prove, that the set of the irrational numbers is an event of the Borel sets. The set of the natural numbers, the set of the integer numbers and the set of the rational numbers are countable, so we can use the literature [10] (pp. 78-81) as a basis for the similar construction of the proof. Next we prove, that different sets can construct the Borel sets [16] (pp. 9-10). Literature [16] (pp. 9-10) and [11] (pp. 11-12) gives an overview, that...
Successful solution to any environmental problem implies working with Knightian uncertainty that explicitly deals with decision making under conditions of unstructured randomness. A 'wild' type of randomness that we will never discern due to its unstable properties makes the assignment of corresponding probabilities impossible. For that reason, the consideration of general economical factors within cost/benefit analysis must fail. So, instead of governmental intervention and a cup and trade scheme,...
One of risk measures’ key purposes is to consistently rank and distinguish between different risk profiles. From a practical perspective, a risk measure should also be robust, that is, insensitive to small perturbations in input assumptions. It is known in the literature [14, 39], that strong assumptions on the risk measure’s ability to distinguish between risks may lead to a lack of robustness. We address the trade-off between robustness and consistent risk ranking by specifying the regions in...
This paper discusses option valuation logic and four selected methods for the valuation of real options in the light of their modeling choices. Two of the selected methods the Datar–Mathews method and the Fuzzy Pay-off Method represent later developments in real option valuation and the Black & Scholes formula and the Binomial model for option pricing the more established methods used in real option valuation. The goal of this paper is to understand the big picture of real option valuation models...