A combined Monte Carlo and quasi-Monte Carlo method with applications to option pricing.
A martingale control variate method for option pricing with stochastic volatility
A generic control variate method is proposed to price options under stochastic volatility models by Monte Carlo simulations. This method provides a constructive way to select control variates which are martingales in order to reduce the variance of unbiased option price estimators. We apply a singular and regular perturbation analysis to characterize the variance reduced by martingale control variates. This variance analysis is done in the regime where time scales of associated driving volatility...
Analytical approximation of the transition density in a local volatility model
We present a simplified approach to the analytical approximation of the transition density related to a general local volatility model. The methodology is sufficiently flexible to be extended to time-dependent coefficients, multi-dimensional stochastic volatility models, degenerate parabolic PDEs related to Asian options and also to include jumps.
Applications of simulation methods to barrier options driven by Lévy processes.
Computational technique for treating the nonlinear Black-Scholes equation with the effect of transaction costs
We deal with numerical computation of the nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) of Black–Scholes type which incorporate the effect of transaction costs. Our proposed technique surmounts the difficulty of infinite domains and unbounded values of the solutions. Numerical implementation shows the validity of our scheme.
Copula-based grouped risk aggregation under mixed operation
This paper deals with the problem of risk measurement under mixed operation. For this purpose, we divide the basic risks into several groups based on the actual situation. First, we calculate the bounds for the subsum of every group of basic risks, then we obtain the bounds for the total sum of all the basic risks. For the dependency relationships between the basic risks in every group and all of the subsums, we give different copulas to describe them. The bounds for the aggregated risk under mixed...
DG method for numerical pricing of multi-asset Asian options—the case of options with floating strike
Option pricing models are an important part of financial markets worldwide. The PDE formulation of these models leads to analytical solutions only under very strong simplifications. For more general models the option price needs to be evaluated by numerical techniques. First, based on an ideal pure diffusion process for two risky asset prices with an additional path-dependent variable for continuous arithmetic average, we present a general form of PDE for pricing of Asian option contracts on two...
DG method for pricing European options under Merton jump-diffusion model
Under real market conditions, there exist many cases when it is inevitable to adopt numerical approximations of option prices due to non-existence of analytical formulae. Obviously, any numerical technique should be tested for the cases when the analytical solution is well known. The paper is devoted to the discontinuous Galerkin method applied to European option pricing under the Merton jump-diffusion model, when the evolution of the asset prices is driven by a Lévy process with finite activity....
DG method for the numerical pricing of two-asset European-style Asian options with fixed strike
The evaluation of option premium is a very delicate issue arising from the assumptions made under a financial market model, and pricing of a wide range of options is generally feasible only when numerical methods are involved. This paper is based on our recent research on numerical pricing of path-dependent multi-asset options and extends these results also to the case of Asian options with fixed strike. First, we recall the three-dimensional backward parabolic PDE describing the evolution of European-style...
DGM for real options valuation: Options to change operating scale
The real options approach interprets a flexibility value, embedded in a project, as an option premium. The object of interest is to valuate real options to change operating scale, typical for natural resources industry. The evolution of the project as well as option prices is decribed by partial differential equations of the Black-Scholes type, linked through a payoff function given by a type of the flexibility provided. The governing equations are discretized by the discontinuous Galerkin method...
Discrete analysis of portfolio selection with optimal stopping time.
Generalization of the Zionts-Wallenius algorithm
Land valuation using a real option approach.
Low Volatility Options and Numerical Diffusion of Finite Difference Schemes
2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 65M06, 65M12.In this paper we explore the numerical diffusion introduced by two nonstandard finite difference schemes applied to the Black-Scholes partial differential equation for pricing discontinuous payoff and low volatility options. Discontinuities in the initial conditions require applying nonstandard non-oscillating finite difference schemes such as the exponentially fitted finite difference schemes suggested by D. Duffy and the Crank-Nicolson variant...
Neimark-Sacker bifurcation in a discrete-time financial system.
Nonstandard Finite Difference Schemes with Application to Finance: Option Pricing
2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 65M06, 65M12.The paper is devoted to pricing options characterized by discontinuities in the initial conditions of the respective Black-Scholes partial differential equation. Finite difference schemes are examined to highlight how discontinuities can generate numerical drawbacks such as spurious oscillations. We analyze the drawbacks of the Crank-Nicolson scheme that is most frequently used numerical method in Finance because of its second order accuracy....
On pricing American and Asian options with PDE methods.
Optimal closing of a pair trade with a model containing jumps
A pair trade is a portfolio consisting of a long position in one asset and a short position in another, and it is a widely used investment strategy in the financial industry. Recently, Ekström, Lindberg, and Tysk studied the problem of optimally closing a pair trading strategy when the difference of the two assets is modelled by an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. In the present work the model is generalized to also include jumps. More precisely, we assume that the difference between the assets is an...
Option pricing in a CEV model with liquidity costs
The goal of this paper is to make an attempt to generalise the model of pricing European options with an illiquid underlying asset considered by Rogers and Singh (2010). We assume that an investor's decisions have only a temporary effect on the price, which is proportional to the square of the change of the number of asset units in the investor's portfolio. We also assume that the underlying asset price follows a CEV model. To prove existence and uniqueness of the solution, we use techniques similar...
Option valuation under the VG process by a DG method
The paper presents a discontinuous Galerkin method for solving partial integro-differential equations arising from the European as well as American option pricing when the underlying asset follows an exponential variance gamma process. For practical purposes of numerical solving we introduce the modified option pricing problem resulting from a localization to a bounded domain and an approximation of small jumps, and we discuss the related error estimates. Then we employ a robust numerical procedure...